{"id":6471,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-oddur-bjornsson\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:57","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-oddur-bjornsson","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-oddur-bjornsson\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum – Oddur Bj\u00f6rnsson"},"content":{"rendered":"
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F\u00f6studaginn 5. j\u00fan\u00ed ver Oddur Bj\u00f6rnsson doktorsritger\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 L\u00e6knadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Ritger\u00f0in ber heiti\u00f0: \u00devagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi: Faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i, greining, me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og afdrif sj\u00faklinga. Urothelial carcinoma in Iceland: Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and patient outcome.<\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur eru dr. Ulla Nordstr\u00f6m Joensen, kl\u00edn\u00edskur d\u00f3sent vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la, og Sigurd\u00eds Haraldsd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n

Umsj\u00f3narkennari og lei\u00f0beinandi var Sigur\u00f0ur Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. Auk hans s\u00e1tu \u00ed doktorsnefnd \u00c1sger\u00f0ur Sverrisd\u00f3ttir, s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0il\u00e6knir (l\u00e1tin), Eir\u00edkur Orri Gu\u00f0mundsson, s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0il\u00e6knir og T\u00f3mas Gu\u00f0bjartsson, pr\u00f3fessor.<\/p>\n

S\u00e6d\u00eds S\u00e6varsd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti L\u00e6knadeildar, stj\u00f3rnar ath\u00f6fninni sem fer fram \u00ed H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asal H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og hefst kl. 13.00.<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00devagvegakrabbamein er me\u00f0al algengustu krabbameina \u00ed heiminum og n\u00fdgengi \u00feess er h\u00e1tt \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum. \u00devagbl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbamein er algengasta birtingarmynd \u00fevagvegakrabbameins en krabbamein \u00ed efri \u00fevagvegum er t\u00f6luvert sjaldg\u00e6fara. Markmi\u00f0 \u00feessarar doktorsritger\u00f0ar var a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i, me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og afdrifum sj\u00faklinga me\u00f0 \u00fevagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/p>\n

Ritger\u00f0in byggir \u00e1 fj\u00f3rum ferilranns\u00f3knum. \u00derj\u00e1r \u00feeirra voru \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0isbundnar ranns\u00f3knir sem n\u00e1\u00f0u til allra sj\u00faklinga sem greindust me\u00f0 \u00fevagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 skilgreindum ranns\u00f3knart\u00edmabilum, en ein ranns\u00f3kn var framkv\u00e6md \u00e1 Landsp\u00edtala H\u00e1sk\u00f3lasj\u00fakrah\u00fasi. G\u00f6gn voru fengin \u00far Krabbameinsskr\u00e1 \u00cdslands, D\u00e1narmeinaskr\u00e1 og sj\u00fakraskr\u00e1m sj\u00faklinga.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00e1runum 2009\u20132019 greindust 904 sj\u00faklingar me\u00f0 \u00fevagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Aldurssta\u00f0la\u00f0 n\u00fdgengi sj\u00fakd\u00f3msins h\u00e9lst st\u00f6\u00f0ugt yfir ranns\u00f3knart\u00edmabili\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir aukningu \u00ed heildarfj\u00f6lda tilfella. Flestir sj\u00faklingar greindust me\u00f0 yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00e6gt \u00fevagbl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbamein, \u00fear sem endurkoma var algeng. Innlei\u00f0ing me\u00f0fer\u00f0arsta\u00f0als fyrir sj\u00faklinga sem gengust undir fyrstu heflunara\u00f0ger\u00f0 vegna yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00e6gs \u00fevagbl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbameins \u00e1 Landsp\u00edtala b\u00e6tti fylgni vi\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar lei\u00f0beiningar, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 snemmkomna endurkomu v\u00e6ru takm\u00f6rku\u00f0. Greining sem t\u00f3k tillit til endurtekinna endurkoma yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00e6gs \u00fevagbl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbameins bentu \u00fe\u00f3 til \u00feess a\u00f0 heildarbyr\u00f0i endurkomu \u00e1 hvern sj\u00fakling hef\u00f0i minnka\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Sj\u00faklingar sem gengust undir r\u00f3tt\u00e6kt bl\u00f6\u00f0rubrottn\u00e1m vegna \u00fevagbl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbameins e\u00f0a skur\u00f0a\u00f0ger\u00f0 vegna krabbameins \u00ed efri \u00fevagvegum h\u00f6f\u00f0u lifun samb\u00e6rilega vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem l\u00fdst hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0isbundnum ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndum. Hj\u00e1 sj\u00faklingum me\u00f0 langt genginn e\u00f0a dreif\u00f0an sj\u00fakd\u00f3m voru horfur sl\u00e6mar og me\u00f0fer\u00f0arval r\u00e9\u00f0st a\u00f0 miklu leyti af aldri sj\u00faklinga.<\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ritger\u00f0arinnar s\u00fdna a\u00f0 \u00fevagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi hefur svipa\u00f0 faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt mynstur og me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar\u00e1rangur og s\u00e9st \u00e1 hinum Nor\u00f0url\u00f6ndunum. Endurkoma yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00e6gs \u00fevabl\u00f6\u00f0rukrabbameins er \u00e1fram st\u00f3rt kl\u00edn\u00edskt vandam\u00e1l, \u00fe\u00f3tt v\u00edsbendingar s\u00e9u um a\u00f0 heildarbyr\u00f0i endurkomu s\u00e9 minnkandi h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, m\u00f6gulega vegna framfara \u00ed me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og eftirfylgd sj\u00faklinga.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

Urothelial carcinoma is among the most common malignancies worldwide, with high incidence rates in the Nordic countries. Bladder cancer represents the majority of urothelial carcinoma cases, whereas upper tract urothelial carcinoma is less common and often associated with poorer outcomes. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to describe the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma in Iceland.<\/p>\n

This thesis is based on four observational cohort studies. Three were nationwide population-based studies including all patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma in Iceland during defined study periods, while one was a single-center study conducted at Landsp\u00edtali University Hospital. Data were obtained from the Icelandic Cancer Registry, the Icelandic Cause of Death Registry, and patients\u2018 medical records.<\/p>\n

Between 2009 and 2019, 904 patients were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma in Iceland. Incidence rates remained stable during the study period despite an increase in the absolute number of cases. Most patients presented with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, where recurrence was common. The implementation of a standardized TURBT protocol at Landsp\u00edtali improved adherence to guideline-recommended perioperative management, although its effect on early recurrence was limited. Analyses accounting for repeated recurrences suggested, however, that the cumulative recurrence burden per patient decreased over time in Iceland. Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer or surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma had survival outcomes comparable to those reported in other Nordic population-based studies. In advanced and metastatic disease, patient outcome was poor and treatment decisions were strongly influenced by patient age.<\/p>\n

In conclusion, urothelial carcinoma in Iceland demonstrates epidemiological patterns and treatment outcomes similar to those observed in other Nordic countries. Disease recurrence remains a major clinical challenge, although the overall burden of recurrence appears to be decreasing over time, possibly reflecting improvements in treatment strategies and follow-up practices.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oddur Bj\u00f6rnsson er f\u00e6ddur \u00e1ri\u00f0 1991 \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. Hann lauk st\u00fadentspr\u00f3fi fr\u00e1 e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ideild Verslunarsk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2011 og emb\u00e6ttispr\u00f3fi \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2017. A\u00f0 loknu kand\u00eddats\u00e1ri starfa\u00f0i hann sem s\u00e9rn\u00e1msl\u00e6knir \u00e1 kvi\u00f0arhols- og \u00fevagf\u00e6raskur\u00f0deild Landsp\u00edtala H\u00e1sk\u00f3lasj\u00fakrah\u00fass fr\u00e1 2018 til 2020. Oddur h\u00f3f doktorsn\u00e1m \u00ed n\u00f3vember 2020 vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2021 flutti Oddur til Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00fear sem hann hefur samhli\u00f0a doktorsn\u00e1mi stunda\u00f0 s\u00e9rn\u00e1m \u00ed \u00fevagf\u00e6raskur\u00f0l\u00e6kningum. Hann lauk s\u00e9rn\u00e1mi \u00ed \u00feeirri grein vi\u00f0 Sahlgrenska sj\u00fakrah\u00fasi\u00f0 \u00ed Gautaborg \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025 og starfar \u00fear sem \u00fevagf\u00e6raskur\u00f0l\u00e6knir.<\/p>\n

Foreldrar Odds eru Bj\u00f6rn R\u00fanar Gu\u00f0mundsson, hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, og Gunnhildur G\u00edslad\u00f3ttir, efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur. Eiginkona Odds er R\u00f3sa Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, kl\u00edn\u00edskur s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, og b\u00f6rn \u00feeirra eru Dagur Bj\u00f6rn, H\u00f3lmar og Eysteinn.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5890,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2026-06-05T13:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2026-06-05T16:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"\u00devagvegakrabbamein \u00e1 \u00cdslandi: Faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i, greining, me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og afdrif sj\u00faklinga. Urothelial carcinoma in Iceland: Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and patient outcome","_phd_source_url":"https:\/\/gamli.hi.is\/vidburdir\/doktorsvorn_i_laeknavisindum_oddur_bjornsson","_phd_source_node_id":"444081","_phd_source_type":"vidburdir","_phd_member_id":1015,"footnotes":""},"phd_school":[60,67],"phd_discipline":[69],"class_list":["post-6471","phd_defence","type-phd_defence","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","phd_school-heilbrigdisvisindasvid","phd_school-laeknadeild","phd_discipline-phd-i-laeknavisindum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd_defence"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"phd_school","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_school?post=6471"},{"taxonomy":"phd_discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_discipline?post=6471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}