{"id":6387,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-steindor-oddur-ellertsson\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:51","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-steindor-oddur-ellertsson","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-steindor-oddur-ellertsson\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum – Steind\u00f3r Oddur Ellertsson"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Fimmtudaginn 27. febr\u00faar 2025 ver Steind\u00f3r Oddur Ellertsson doktorsritger\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 L\u00e6knadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Ritger\u00f0in ber heiti\u00f0: Notkun gervigreindar til greiningar og forsp\u00e1r fyrir horfur sj\u00faklinga \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu. The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Diagnosis and Outcome Prediction in Primary Care.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur eru dr. Ronny Gunnarsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Gautaborgarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la, og dr. Hercules Dalianis, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Stokkh\u00f3lmsh\u00e1sk\u00f3la.<\/p>\n

Umsj\u00f3narkennari var Emil L. Sigur\u00f0sson, pr\u00f3fessor, og me\u00f0 lei\u00f0beinandi var Hrafn Loftsson, d\u00f3sent. Auk \u00feeirra s\u00e1tu \u00ed doktorsnefnd J\u00f3n Steinar J\u00f3nsson, heimilisl\u00e6knir,\u00a0 Margr\u00e9t \u00d3laf\u00eda T\u00f3masd\u00f3ttir, lektor, og Yngvi Bj\u00f6rnsson, pr\u00f3fessor.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3rarinn Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti L\u00e6knadeildar, stj\u00f3rnar ath\u00f6fninni sem fer fram \u00ed H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asal H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og hefst kl. 9.00.<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n

Markmi\u00f0 \u00feessa doktorsverkefnis var a\u00f0 rannsaka hvort n\u00fdta m\u00e6tti textag\u00f6gn \u00far samantektarn\u00f3tum l\u00e6kna til a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1lfa gervigreindarl\u00edk\u00f6n til \u00feess a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 fyrir um greiningar og horfur sj\u00faklinga \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu, greina innri virkni l\u00edkananna og meta frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra. Doktorsritger\u00f0in byggir \u00e1 \u00feremur ranns\u00f3knum: \u00cd \u00feeirri fyrstu var l\u00edkan \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0 \u00e1 merktum greiningars\u00e9rkennum \u00far samantektarn\u00f3tum l\u00e6kna til a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 fyrir um frumkomna h\u00f6fu\u00f0verkjagreiningu hj\u00e1 fullor\u00f0num \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu, \u00fear sem ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00fdndu a\u00f0 l\u00edkani\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 sig jafn vel e\u00f0a betur en l\u00e6knar. Greining \u00e1 SHAP-gildum benti til \u00feess a\u00f0 l\u00edkani\u00f0 studdist vi\u00f0 svipu\u00f0 greiningars\u00e9rkenni og l\u00e6knar vi\u00f0 myndun \u00fattaks. \u00cd annarri ranns\u00f3kninni var gervigreindarl\u00edkan \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0 \u00e1 merktum greiningars\u00e9rkennum \u00far samantektarn\u00f3tum l\u00e6kna sem hitt h\u00f6f\u00f0u fullor\u00f0na sj\u00faklinga me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0na greiningark\u00f3\u00f0a \u00f6ndunarf\u00e6ras\u00fdkinga \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knarinnar s\u00fdndu a\u00f0 l\u00edkani\u00f0 ra\u00f0a\u00f0i sj\u00faklingum \u00ed \u00e1h\u00e6ttuh\u00f3pa \u00e1 \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegan h\u00e1tt og greindi \u00e1 milli alvarlegra og v\u00e6gari tilfella me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttum h\u00e6tti. \u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ju ranns\u00f3kninni var l\u00edkani\u00f0 sem \u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0 var \u00ed ranns\u00f3kn 2 meti\u00f0 frams\u00fdnt \u00ed raunverulegum kl\u00edn\u00edskum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feeirrar ranns\u00f3knar s\u00fdndu a\u00f0 l\u00edkani\u00f0 ra\u00f0a\u00f0i sj\u00faklingum me\u00f0 alvarlegar \u00fatkomur \u00ed h\u00e1an \u00e1h\u00e6ttu h\u00f3p og sj\u00faklingum me\u00f0 v\u00e6gari \u00fatkomur \u00ed l\u00e1gan \u00e1h\u00e6ttu h\u00f3p. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur doktorsverkefnisins benda til a\u00f0 gervigreindarl\u00edk\u00f6n, sem \u00fej\u00e1lfu\u00f0 eru \u00e1 textag\u00f6gnum \u00far sj\u00fakraskr\u00e1m, geta sp\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir um horfur sj\u00faklinga og greiningar \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu. Einnig nota l\u00edk\u00f6nin svipa\u00f0ar uppl\u00fdsingar og l\u00e6knar \u00feegar \u00fattak \u00feeirra myndast vi\u00f0 frumkomnar h\u00f6fu\u00f0verkjagreiningar.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

The aim of this doctoral project was to investigate whether text data from doctors’ summary notes could be used to train AI models to predict diagnoses and outcomes for patients in primary care, to examine the models\u2019 internal functionality, and to evaluate their performance. The dissertation is based on three studies: In the first study, an AI model was trained on labeled diagnostic features from doctors\u2019 summary notes to predict primary headache diagnoses in adults in primary care. The results showed that the model performed as well as or slightly better than doctors. An analysis of the SHAP values indicated that the model relied on similar diagnostic features to those used by doctors when generating its outputs. In the second study, an AI model was trained on labeled diagnostic features from doctors\u2019 notes for adult primary care patients with certain respiratory infection codes. The study\u2019s results showed that the model reliably stratified patients into risk groups and correctly distinguished between severe and milder cases. In the third study, the model from Study 2 was evaluated prospectively. The results showed that the model triaged patients with severe outcomes to a high-risk group and those with milder outcomes to a low-risk group. The overall findings of this doctoral project suggest that AI models trained on text data from medical records can predict patients\u2019 prognoses and diagnoses in primary care. Moreover, the models use similar information to that of physicians during inference\u00a0 for primary headache diagnoses.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Steind\u00f3r Oddur Ellertsson er f\u00e6ddur \u00e1ri\u00f0 1985 \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. Hann \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist af n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ibraut Menntask\u00f3lans \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005 og lauk kand\u00eddatspr\u00f3fi \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012. Steind\u00f3r h\u00f3f ranns\u00f3knir samhli\u00f0a kl\u00edn\u00edsku starfi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2019 sem leiddu til \u00feess a\u00f0 hann h\u00f3f doktorsn\u00e1m \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00ed febr\u00faar 2022. Ranns\u00f3knarverkefni\u00f0 hlaut styrk \u00far V\u00edsindasj\u00f3\u00f0i F\u00e9lags \u00edslenskra heimilisl\u00e6kna og RANN\u00cdS. Samhli\u00f0a doktorsn\u00e1mi hefur Steind\u00f3r starfa\u00f0 sem s\u00e9rn\u00e1msl\u00e6knir \u00ed heimilisl\u00e6kningum \u00ed Noregi og \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Foreldrar Steind\u00f3rs eru Ellert Kristj\u00e1n Steind\u00f3rsson og Rannveig Alma Einarsd\u00f3ttir. Eiginkona Steind\u00f3rs er Olga Hr\u00f6nn J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir og saman eiga \u00feau b\u00f6rnin L\u00edsu, Bj\u00f6rt og Styrk\u00e1r.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5741,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2025-02-27T09:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2025-02-27T12:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"Notkun gervigreindar til greiningar og forsp\u00e1r fyrir horfur sj\u00faklinga \u00ed heilsug\u00e6slu. 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