{"id":6364,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-faraldsfraedi-hilda-bjork-danielsdottir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:49","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-faraldsfraedi-hilda-bjork-danielsdottir","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-faraldsfraedi-hilda-bjork-danielsdottir\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i – Hilda Bj\u00f6rk Dan\u00edelsd\u00f3ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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F\u00f6studaginn 7. j\u00fan\u00ed 2024 ver Hilda Bj\u00f6rk Dan\u00edelsd\u00f3ttir doktorsritger\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00ed faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 L\u00e6knadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Ritger\u00f0in ber heiti\u00f0: \u00c1f\u00f6ll \u00ed \u00e6sku, ge\u00f0heilsuvandi og seigla \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. Adverse childhood experiences, psychiatric morbidity and resilience in adulthood.<\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur eru dr. Murray B. Stein, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 University of California San Diego, og dr. Andrea Danese, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 King\u2018s College \u00ed London.<\/p>\n

Umsj\u00f3narkennari og lei\u00f0beinandi var Unnur Anna Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor. Auk hennar s\u00e1tu J\u00f3hanna Jakobsd\u00f3ttir lektor, Thor Aspelund pr\u00f3fessor, \u00de\u00f3rhildur Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir lektor, Patrik Magnusson d\u00f3sent og Katja Fall pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed doktorsnefnd.<\/p>\n

Arna Hauksd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor og forst\u00f6\u00f0uma\u00f0ur Mi\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0var \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0heilsuv\u00edsindum, stj\u00f3rnar ath\u00f6fninni sem fer fram \u00ed H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asal H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og hefst kl. 9.00.<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3kna benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem hefur upplifa\u00f0 \u00fdmiss konar \u00e1f\u00f6ll \u00ed \u00e6sku, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al andlegt e\u00f0a l\u00edkamlegt ofbeldi e\u00f0a vanr\u00e6kslu, s\u00e9 \u00ed aukinni \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a me\u00f0 s\u00e9r ge\u00f0raskanir \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. Hins vegar f\u00e1 ekki allir me\u00f0 sl\u00edka \u00e1fallas\u00f6gu \u00ed \u00e6sku einkenni ge\u00f0raskana \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum, heldur s\u00fdna seiglu e\u00f0a h\u00e6fni til a\u00f0 halda heilsu \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00e1f\u00f6ll e\u00f0a \u00feungb\u00e6rar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota g\u00f6gn \u00far \u00c1fallas\u00f6gu kvenna \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og s\u00e6nska tv\u00edburagagnagrunninum, var markmi\u00f0 doktorsverkefnisins a\u00f0 rannsaka erf\u00f0a- og umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed seiglu, sem og ge\u00f0heilsuvanda \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku.<\/p>\n

Markmi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knar I<\/strong> var a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hvort tengsl \u00e1 milli \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku og \u00fer\u00f3unar ge\u00f0raskana \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum s\u00e9u \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldutengdum \u00fe\u00e1ttum, eins og erf\u00f0um og sameiginlegum umhverfis\u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed uppvexti. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00fdndu sterk tengsl \u00e1 milli fj\u00f6lda \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku og aukinnar \u00e1h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 \u00feunglyndi, kv\u00ed\u00f0a, \u00e1fallastreitur\u00f6skun og \u00e1fengis- og v\u00edmuefnavanda \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bera saman tv\u00edburap\u00f6r \u00fear sem annar tv\u00edburinn haf\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1falli \u00ed \u00e6sku en ekki hinn kom \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3un ge\u00f0raskana \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum m\u00e1 a\u00f0 hluta til sk\u00fdra me\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldutengdum \u00fe\u00e1ttum, eins og erf\u00f0um og \u00e6skuumhverfi. En \u00feegar stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 er fyrir \u00feessum \u00fe\u00e1ttum s\u00fdndu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur enn fremur a\u00f0 sterk \u00e1fallasaga \u00ed \u00e6sku, t.d. kynfer\u00f0isofbeldi e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir \u00feremur e\u00f0a fleiri tegundum \u00e1falla, hefur sterk tengsl vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3un ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 fj\u00f6lskyldutengdum \u00fe\u00e1ttum. Markmi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knar II<\/strong> var a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a tengsl \u00e1 milli \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku og seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. Seigla var a\u00f0ger\u00f0arbundin annars vegar sem sj\u00e1lfsmat \u00e1 bjargr\u00e1\u00f0i e\u00f0a h\u00e6fni til a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00e1skoranir daglegs l\u00edfs og hins vegar sem l\u00e1g einkennabyr\u00f0i ge\u00f0raskana \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00e1fallas\u00f6gu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00fdndu sterk skammtah\u00e1\u00f0 tengsl \u00e1 milli fj\u00f6lda \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku og skertrar seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum, \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 skertrar getu til \u00feess a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00e1skoranir daglegs l\u00edfs og l\u00e6gri einkennabyr\u00f0i ge\u00f0raskana. \u00deau \u00e1f\u00f6ll \u00ed \u00e6sku sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u hva\u00f0 sterkust tengsl vi\u00f0 skerta seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum voru tilfinningaleg vanr\u00e6ksla, kynfer\u00f0islegt ofbeldi, einelti og ge\u00f0r\u00e6nn vandi \u00e1 heimili. Markmi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knar III<\/strong> var a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hlutfallslegan \u00fe\u00e1tt erf\u00f0a og umhverfis \u00ed seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar \u00e1falla \u00ed \u00e6sku. Seigla var a\u00f0ger\u00f0arbundin sem l\u00e1g einkennabyr\u00f0i ge\u00f0raskana \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00e1f\u00f6ll \u00ed \u00e6sku. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00fdndu a\u00f0 erf\u00f0ir sk\u00fdr\u00f0u 40% \u00ed breytileika seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum \u00e1 me\u00f0an einstaklingsbundnir umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6ttir sk\u00fdr\u00f0u restina e\u00f0a 60% af einstaklingsmun \u00ed seiglu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00fdndu einnig a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lgena \u00e1h\u00e6ttuskor fyrir ge\u00f0r\u00e6nar svipger\u00f0ir (t.d. fyrir \u00e1fallastreitur\u00f6skun og \u00feunglyndi) sp\u00e1\u00f0u fyrir um seiglu \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum, sem gefur til kynna a\u00f0 erf\u00f0abreytileikar sem tengjast \u00feessum svipger\u00f0um hafi einnig \u00e1hrif \u00e1 seiglu.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect and growing up in dysfunctional home environments, has consistently been associated with an elevated risk of multiple negative mental health outcomes extending into adulthood. Yet, not all individuals exposed to ACEs suffer from poor mental health in adulthood, and a substantial proportion of people remain resilient. Leveraging unique data sources from Sweden and Iceland, the overarching objective of this thesis was to examine the environmental and genetic contributions to the psychiatric morbidity-resilience dimension in the context of ACEs, with psychiatric disorders at one end of the spectrum and resilience at the other.<\/p>\n

The aim of study I<\/strong> was to examine whether associations between ACEs and adult psychiatric disorders remained after adjustment for familial confounding due to shared genetic and environmental factors. We found that a greater number of ACEs was associated with increased odds of depression, anxiety, substance abuse and stress-related disorders in adulthood. In co-twin control analyses based on twins discordant on ACE exposure, we found that associations between ACEs and adult psychiatric disorders were somewhat attenuated, i.e., indicating a partial role of genetic predisposition and early environmental factors. Nonetheless, when accounting for these factors in monozygotic twin comparisons, we found that exposure to multiple types of ACEs and, specifically, exposure to sexual abuse in childhood, was robustly associated with increased odds of adult psychiatric disorders. The aim of study II<\/strong> was to examine associations between a broad set of ACEs and two distinct measures of adult resilience. Resilience was conceptualized both as perceived coping ability and as psychiatric resilience defined as the absence of (or low) psychiatric morbidity after exposure to trauma. We found that a greater number of ACEs was negatively associated with perceived coping ability and psychiatric resilience in adulthood, in a dose-response fashion. Specifically, women reporting five or more ACEs had 36% lower prevalence of high coping ability and 58% lower prevalence of high psychiatric resilience, compared to women reporting no ACEs. Furthermore, of 13 measured ACEs, we found that emotional neglect, being bullied, sexual abuse and growing up with a mentally ill household member were most robustly associated with reduced adult resilience. The aim of study III<\/strong> was to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual variation in adult psychiatric resilience after exposure to ACEs. Psychiatric resilience was conceptualized as the absence of any adult diagnosis of common psychiatric disorder after exposure to ACEs. We found that 40% of the variation in adult psychiatric resilience after ACEs was due to genetic factors, while the remaining 60% was due to individual-specific environmental factors. We further found that measured genetic risk for other psychiatric traits and disorders (e.g., PTSD and depression), was associated with lower odds of resilience to ACEs, providing supportive evidence that psychiatric traits\/disorders and resilience are influenced by overlapping genetic factors.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hilda Bj\u00f6rk Dan\u00edelsd\u00f3ttir er f\u00e6dd \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1992. H\u00fan lauk B.Sc.-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2015 og meistaragr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0heilsuv\u00edsindum fr\u00e1 Karolinska Institutet \u00ed Stokkh\u00f3lmi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2018. Hilda byrja\u00f0i \u00ed doktorsn\u00e1mi vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020, en h\u00fan vann einnig hluta af doktorsverkefninu sem gestadoktorsnemi vi\u00f0 Karolinska Institutet. Foreldrar Hildu eru Dan\u00edel \u00d3lason og \u00de\u00f3ra T\u00f3masd\u00f3ttir. Maki Hildu er Diego Yacam\u00e1n M\u00e9ndez.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5684,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2024-06-07T09:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2024-06-07T12:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"\u00c1f\u00f6ll \u00ed \u00e6sku, ge\u00f0heilsuvandi og seigla \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. 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