{"id":6340,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:47","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-iris-kristinsdottir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:47","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-iris-kristinsdottir","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-laeknavisindum-iris-kristinsdottir\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum – \u00cdris Kristinsd\u00f3ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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F\u00f6studaginn 27. okt\u00f3ber 2023 ver \u00cdris Kristinsd\u00f3ttir doktorsritger\u00f0 s\u00edna \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 L\u00e6knadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Ritger\u00f0in ber heiti\u00f0 Sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar sem fyrirbyggja m\u00e1 me\u00f0 b\u00f3lusetningum hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum, unglingum og ungu f\u00f3lki \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u2013 r\u00f3taveira, mening\u00f3kokkar og infl\u00faensa: Er \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 umb\u00f3tum? Vaccine preventable diseases in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood in Iceland – rotavirus, meningococci, and influenza: Room for improvements?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur eru dr. Hanna Nohynek, yfirl\u00e6knir og sta\u00f0gengill forst\u00f6\u00f0umanns vi\u00f0 Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare \u00ed Finnlandi og dr. Nigel Curtis, pr\u00f3fessor og yfirl\u00e6knir vi\u00f0 Royal Children\u2018s Hospital Melbourne og Murdoch Research Institute Melbourne.<\/p>\n

Umsj\u00f3narkennari var \u00c1sgeir Haraldsson, pr\u00f3fessor, lei\u00f0beinandi var Valt\u00fdr Stef\u00e1nsson Thors, lektor og me\u00f0lei\u00f0beinandi var Karl G. Kristinsson, pr\u00f3fessor. Auk \u00feeirra s\u00e1tu \u00ed doktorsnefnd Magn\u00fas Gottfre\u00f0sson, pr\u00f3fessor og \u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfur Gu\u00f0nason, s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur.
<\/strong>\u00de\u00f3rarinn Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti L\u00e6knadeildar, stj\u00f3rnar ath\u00f6fninni sem fer fram \u00ed H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arsal H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og hefst kl. 15:00.<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip af ranns\u00f3kn<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00f3lusetningar eru \u00e1 me\u00f0al mikilv\u00e6gustu uppg\u00f6tvana l\u00e6knav\u00edsindanna. Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 b\u00f3lusetningarskemu taki mi\u00f0 af framf\u00f6rum \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un b\u00f3luefna og faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i smitsj\u00fakd\u00f3ma. Markmi\u00f0 doktorsverkefnisins var a\u00f0 meta \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 umb\u00f3tum \u00e1 b\u00f3lusetningum barna, unglinga og ungs f\u00f3lks \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, me\u00f0 tilliti til r\u00f3taveiru, mening\u00f3kokka og infl\u00faensu. Doktorsverkefni\u00f0 samanst\u00f3\u00f0 af fj\u00f3rum ranns\u00f3knum.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3kn I var sj\u00fakd\u00f3msbyr\u00f0i r\u00f3taveiru \u00e1 ung b\u00f6rn og fj\u00f6lskyldur \u00feeirra metin, sem og kostna\u00f0arhagkv\u00e6mni b\u00f3lusetninga gegn r\u00f3taveiru. Ranns\u00f3knin t\u00f3k til barna undir sex \u00e1ra aldri sem komu \u00e1 Br\u00e1\u00f0am\u00f3tt\u00f6ku barna me\u00f0 br\u00e1\u00f0ar garnas\u00fdkingar \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2017 og 2018. Ranns\u00f3knin s\u00fdndi a\u00f0 r\u00f3taveira er algengasta veiran \u00ed br\u00e1\u00f0um garnas\u00fdkingum sem lei\u00f0a til komu \u00e1 Br\u00e1\u00f0am\u00f3tt\u00f6ku barna. H\u00fan veldur umtalsver\u00f0ri sj\u00fakd\u00f3msbyr\u00f0i \u00e1 ung b\u00f6rn og vinnutapi foreldra. B\u00f3lusetningar gegn r\u00f3taveiru v\u00e6ru kostna\u00f0arhagkv\u00e6mar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3kn II var algengi einkennalausrar mening\u00f3kokka-s\u00fdklunar rannsaka\u00f0 hj\u00e1 leiksk\u00f3lab\u00f6rnum, 10. bekkingum og framhaldssk\u00f3lanemum. Mening\u00f3kokka-berum var fylgt eftir me\u00f0 endurteknum s\u00fdnat\u00f6kum \u00e1 3-6 m\u00e1na\u00f0a fresti \u00ed allt a\u00f0 27 m\u00e1nu\u00f0i. Engin leiksk\u00f3lab\u00f6rn b\u00e1ru mening\u00f3kokka en 0,5% 10. bekkinga og 6,5% menntask\u00f3lanema voru mening\u00f3kokkaberar. Algengast var a\u00f0 bera \u00f3hj\u00fapa\u00f0a mening\u00f3kokka en af hj\u00fapu\u00f0um mening\u00f3kokkum voru mening\u00f3kokkar B algengastir. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knarinnar, auk faraldsfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00edfarandi mening\u00f3kokka-s\u00fdkinga \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, benda ekki til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf s\u00e9 \u00e1 breytingum \u00e1 b\u00f3lusetningum gegn mening\u00f3kokkum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3kn III var \u00f3n\u00e6missvar vi\u00f0 infl\u00faensub\u00f3lusetningu hj\u00e1 unglingum me\u00f0 offitu rannsaka\u00f0 og bori\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 \u00f3n\u00e6missvar hj\u00e1 unglingum \u00ed kj\u00f6r\u00feyngd. \u00derj\u00e1t\u00edu unglingar me\u00f0 offitu og 30 unglingar \u00ed kj\u00f6r\u00feyngd t\u00f3ku \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed ranns\u00f3kninni. Bl\u00f3\u00f0prufur voru teknar fyrir b\u00f3lusetningu og fj\u00f3rum vikum eftir b\u00f3lusetningu. B\u00e6\u00f0i vessabundi\u00f0 og frumubundi\u00f0 \u00f3n\u00e6missvar var svipa\u00f0 hj\u00e1 h\u00f3punum tveimur.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cd\u00a0ranns\u00f3kn IV var upptaka infl\u00faensub\u00f3lusetningar me\u00f0al barnshafandi kvenna metin yfir 10 infl\u00faensut\u00edmabil, 2010-2020, sem og sj\u00fakd\u00f3msbyr\u00f0i infl\u00faensu hj\u00e1 barnshafandi konum og ungb\u00f6rnum \u00feeirra \u00e1 fyrsta \u00e1ri l\u00edfs. B\u00f3lusetningarhlutfalli\u00f0 var l\u00e6gst 6,2% \u00e1 infl\u00faensut\u00edmabilinu 2010-2011 en h\u00e6kka\u00f0i yfir ranns\u00f3knart\u00edmabili\u00f0 og var h\u00e6st 37,5% 2019-2020. Infl\u00faensub\u00f3lusetningar \u00e1 me\u00f0g\u00f6ngu vernda barnshafandi konur og ungb\u00f6rn \u00feeirra gegn infl\u00faensu \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed infl\u00faensut\u00edmabili sem b\u00f3lusetning er gefin.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vaccines are among the most important medical discoveries ever made. It is important to update national immunisation programmes according to new vaccine developments and current epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases. The aims of the doctoral thesis were to assess the potential needs for improvements in the Icelandic national immunisation programme. The thesis consists of four studies. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

In study I, the disease burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis on young children was assessed, as well as the cost-effectiveness of implementing rotavirus vaccinations in the Icelandic national immunisation programme. The study included children under the age of six years that attended a paediatric emergency department with acute gastroenteritis in the years 2017 and 2018. The study\u2019s results show that rotavirus is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. It causes a substantial disease burden on young children and days missed from work for parents. The inclusion of rotavirus vaccinations in the national immunisation programme in Iceland would be cost-effective. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Study II assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic meningococcal colonisation among pre-school aged children, 15\u201316-year-old adolescents and 18\u201320-year-old young adults. Follow-up samples were collected with 3\u20136-month intervals from carriers, for up to 27 months. No pre-school children carried meningococci, but the carriage rate was 0.5% among adolescents and 6.5% among young adults. Colonisation with non-groupable meningococci was most common, followed by capsular group B. The results from the study, along with the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Iceland, does not suggest the need for altered meningococcal vaccination strategies. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

In\u00a0study III, the immune responses to influenza vaccinations were measured among adolescents with obesity and adolescents with normal weight. The study included 30 participants from each group. Blood samples were collected before and four weeks after vaccination. Both groups had similar humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza vaccinations.<\/p>\n

Study\u00a0IV assessed the influenza vaccine coverage among pregnant women in Iceland in the influenza seasons 2010-2020 and the burden of influenza among pregnant women and their infants. The lowest vaccination coverage was 6.2% in the influenza season 2010-2011 but increased over the period and was highest at 37.5% in 2019-2020. Influenza vaccinations in pregnancy protect pregnant women and their infants against influenza in the season of vaccination.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cdris Kristinsd\u00f3ttir er f\u00e6dd \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1993. H\u00fan er st\u00fadent fr\u00e1 Verzlunarsk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. \u00cdris lauk bakkal\u00e1rgr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 l\u00e6knadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2016 og kand\u00eddatspr\u00f3fi \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 sama sk\u00f3la 2019. H\u00fan h\u00f3f doktorsn\u00e1m \u00ed l\u00e6knav\u00edsindum vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00ed j\u00fan\u00ed 2019. Samhli\u00f0a doktorsn\u00e1mi hefur \u00cdris starfa\u00f0 sem l\u00e6knir \u00e1 Landsp\u00edtala.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5643,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2023-10-27T15:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2023-10-27T18:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0asalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"Sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar sem fyrirbyggja m\u00e1 me\u00f0 b\u00f3lusetningum hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum, unglingum og ungu f\u00f3lki \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u2013 r\u00f3taveira, mening\u00f3kokkar og infl\u00faensa: Er \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 umb\u00f3tum? 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