{"id":6296,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:44","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-pauline-anne-charlotte-bergsten\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:44","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:44","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-pauline-anne-charlotte-bergsten","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-pauline-anne-charlotte-bergsten\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i &#8211; Pauline Anne Charlotte Bergsten"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\" property=\"content:encoded\">\n<p><strong>Doktorsefni:<\/strong>\u00a0Pauline Anne Charlotte Bergsten<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heiti ritger\u00f0ar:<\/strong>\u00a0Ranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum \u00ed basalti \u00e1 eldfjallaeyjunni Surtsey vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland (Exploration of the Microbial Communities within the Basaltic Subsurface of the Volcanic Island Surtsey in Iceland)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andm\u00e6lendur:<\/strong><strong><br \/> <\/strong>Dr. Steffen L. J\u00f8rgensen, d\u00f3sent vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Bergen, Noregi<br \/> Dr. Oddur \u00de. Vilhelmsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00e1 Akureyri<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lei\u00f0beinandi:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Vigg\u00f3 \u00de\u00f3r Marteinsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Matv\u00e6la- og n\u00e6ringarfr\u00e6\u00f0ideild H\u00cd og fagstj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Mat\u00eds<\/p>\n<p><strong>Einnig \u00ed doktorsnefnd:<\/strong><strong><br \/> <\/strong>Dr. Pauline Vannier, verkefnastj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Mat\u00eds<br \/> Dr. Sn\u00e6d\u00eds H. Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, d\u00f3sent vi\u00f0 L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeild H\u00cd<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Sn\u00e6bj\u00f6rn P\u00e1lsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeildar H\u00cd<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c1grip<br \/> <\/strong>Surtsey er eldfjallaeyja \u00e1 rekbelti su\u00f0austan vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland. H\u00fan mynda\u00f0ist \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0 ne\u00f0ansj\u00e1vargosa \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1963-1967 og hefur veri\u00f0 fri\u00f0u\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an. Surtsey hefur \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00fear hefur veri\u00f0 m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 rannsaka landn\u00e1m l\u00edfvera og framvindu vistkerfa fr\u00e1 upphafi. Ranns\u00f3knin sem h\u00e9r er l\u00fdst sn\u00fdr a\u00f0 \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum \u00ed eynni, \u00ed umhverfi \u00fear sem n\u00fdmynda\u00f0 basalt m\u00e6tir jar\u00f0hita og sj\u00f3. \u00dear er a\u00f0 finna breytilegt hitastig sem n\u00e1lgast efri m\u00f6rk \u00feess sem tali\u00f0 er l\u00edfv\u00e6nlegt. Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legur ranns\u00f3knarlei\u00f0angur var farinn til Surtseyjar \u00e1ri\u00f0 2017 til a\u00f0 afla s\u00fdna me\u00f0 borunum. Kjarnas\u00fdnum var safna\u00f0 \u00e1 mismunandi d\u00fdpi \u00e1samt vatnss\u00fdnum og heitri gufu \u00far sprungum \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0i eyjarinnar. \u00deessi doktorsritger\u00f0 er fyrsta heildst\u00e6\u00f0a ranns\u00f3knin \u00e1 \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar \u00ed Surtsey. Margv\u00edslegum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um var beitt til a\u00f0 rannsaka \u00feau einst\u00f6ku s\u00fdni sem afla\u00f0 var. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 auka \u00feekkingu \u00e1 samf\u00e9l\u00f6gunum og efnaferlunum er \u00feau byggja \u00e1. Samsetning \u00f6rvera var greind me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0greina tegunda\u00e1kvar\u00f0andi 16S rRNA gen og anna\u00f0 erf\u00f0aefni sem einangra\u00f0 var \u00far umhverfinu. A\u00f0 auki voru bakter\u00edustofnar einangra\u00f0ir og \u00feeim l\u00fdst og sm\u00e1sj\u00e1ra\u00f0fer\u00f0um beitt. Magn DNA var meti\u00f0 \u00ed borkj\u00f6rnum en samkv\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed var fj\u00f6ldi \u00f6rvera \u00e1\u00e6tla\u00f0ur \u00e1 bilinu 5\u00d7104 til 1\u00d7106 \u00e1 gramm. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar bentu til \u00feess a\u00f0 afar l\u00edtinn l\u00edfmassa v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 finna \u00ed umhverfinu. Sl\u00edkt eykur \u00e1hrif mengunar sem getur or\u00f0i\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00fdnat\u00f6kur. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir l\u00edtinn l\u00edfmassa eru \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6g ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar \u00ed Surtsey mj\u00f6g fj\u00f6lbreytt og samanstanda b\u00e6\u00f0i af bakter\u00edum og arkeum. Sumar \u00feeirra eru ja\u00f0ar\u00f6rverur e\u00f0a hafa \u00e1\u00f0ur greinst \u00ed jar\u00f0vegi og sj\u00f3 en a\u00f0rir h\u00f3par eru l\u00edtt \u00feekktir. Greiningar \u00e1 \u00e6ttartengslum og l\u00edfsh\u00e1ttum benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 sumar f\u00e1i orku \u00far l\u00edfr\u00e6num efnum en a\u00f0rar \u00far \u00f3l\u00edfr\u00e6num og tengist hringr\u00e1sum brennisteins, k\u00f6fnunarefnis og metans. \u00de\u00f3 t\u00f3kst ekki a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja \u00feessar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur me\u00f0 greiningum \u00e1 umhverfiserf\u00f0amengjum. Fj\u00f6lmargar au\u00f0gunarr\u00e6ktir voru framkv\u00e6mdar vi\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edk skilyr\u00f0i og me\u00f0 mismunandi \u00e6tum. Um 200 bakter\u00edustofnar voru einangra\u00f0ir. \u00dear af voru nokkrar n\u00fdjar tegundir og einni \u00feeirra, hitak\u00e6ru bakter\u00edunni Rhodothermus bifroesti l\u00fdst a\u00f0 fullu, erf\u00f0amengi hennar ra\u00f0greint og samanbur\u00f0ur ger\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 tv\u00e6r \u00feekktar tegundir s\u00f6mu \u00e6ttkv\u00edslar. \u00cd lj\u00f3s kom a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0urnar sem nota\u00f0ar voru t\u00f3kst a\u00f0eins a\u00f0 einangra um 2,15% af \u00feeim \u00f6rverum sem kennsl voru borin \u00e1 me\u00f0 16S rRNA ra\u00f0greiningum. Sm\u00e1sj\u00e1rgreiningar \u00e1 hrauns\u00fdnum s\u00fdndu \u00fdmis form sem l\u00edktust \u00f6rverum \u00ed samtengdum bl\u00f6\u00f0rum \u00ed basaltgleri. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knarinnar \u00ed heild bentu til mikils landn\u00e1ms \u00f6rvera \u00ed Surtsey \u00e1 \u00feeim 50 \u00e1rum sem li\u00f0in eru fr\u00e1 goslokum. \u00d6rverurnar g\u00e6tu hafa dreifst fr\u00e1 n\u00e1l\u00e6gum vistkerfum og a\u00f0lagast umhverfinu \u00ed hrauninu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar sem l\u00fdst er \u00ed \u00feessari ritger\u00f0 mynda grunn a\u00f0 framt\u00ed\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar \u00ed Surtsey og framvindu samfara breyttum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um eins og l\u00e6kkandi jar\u00f0hita.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pauline Bergsten f\u00e6ddist 17. okt\u00f3ber 1989 og \u00f3lst upp \u00ed Saint-Maur-des-Foss\u00e9s \u00ed Frakklandi. H\u00fan \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist me\u00f0 BS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed l\u00edfv\u00edsindum fr\u00e1 Sorbonne-h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed Frakklandi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2015 lauk h\u00fan MS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 sama h\u00e1sk\u00f3la, me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 au\u00f0lindir sj\u00e1var. Ranns\u00f3knirnar stunda\u00f0i h\u00fan vi\u00f0 hafranns\u00f3knarstofur \u00ed Roscoff og Villefranche-sur-Mer and Banuyls-sur-Mer og vi\u00f0 Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Sud. Pauline h\u00f3f st\u00f6rf hj\u00e1 Mat\u00eds \u00e1ri\u00f0 2016 og \u00e1ri s\u00ed\u00f0ar h\u00f3f h\u00fan doktorsn\u00e1m \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Foreldrar hennar eru Ulrik Bergsten, verkefnastj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Cr\u00e9dit Agricole Group, og Mich\u00e8le Bergsten, fyrrum stj\u00f3rnandi \u00ed uppl\u00fdsingat\u00e6kni vi\u00f0 Banque de France, en h\u00fan l\u00e9st \u00e1ri\u00f0 2009. Pauline \u00e1 \u00ferj\u00e1r systur, \u00fe\u00e6r Marie, Emmu og Charlotte, og h\u00fan b\u00fdr \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1samt samb\u00fdlismanni s\u00ednum Lucasi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5191,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2022-09-12T10:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2022-09-12T13:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arsalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"Ranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar \u00f6rverusamf\u00e9l\u00f6gum \u00ed basalti \u00e1 eldfjallaeyjunni Surtsey vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland (Exploration of the Microbial Communities within the Basaltic Subsurface of the Volcanic Island Surtsey in Iceland)","_phd_source_url":"https:\/\/gamli.hi.is\/vidburdir\/doktorsvorn_i_liffraedi_pauline_anne_charlotte_bergsten","_phd_source_node_id":"390091","_phd_source_type":"vidburdir","_phd_member_id":827,"footnotes":""},"phd_school":[96,93],"phd_discipline":[97],"class_list":["post-6296","phd_defence","type-phd_defence","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","phd_school-lif-og-umhverfisvisindadeild","phd_school-verkfraedi-og-natturuvisindasvid","phd_discipline-phd-i-liffraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd_defence"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6296\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"phd_school","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_school?post=6296"},{"taxonomy":"phd_discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_discipline?post=6296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}