{"id":6225,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-velaverkfraedi-marta-ros-karlsdottir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:39","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-velaverkfraedi-marta-ros-karlsdottir","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-velaverkfraedi-marta-ros-karlsdottir\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i – Marta R\u00f3s Karlsd\u00f3ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00f6rninni ver\u00f0ur streymt<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Doktorsefni:<\/strong>\u00a0Marta R\u00f3s Karlsd\u00f3ttir<\/p>\n

Heiti ritger\u00f0ar:<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00fdting h\u00e1hita til orkuframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed lj\u00f3si loftslags- og orkustefnu ESB \u2013 Umhverfis\u00e1hrif l\u00edfsferils og frumorku\u00fe\u00f6rf (High-temperature geothermal energy utilization in the context of EU climate and energy policy – life cycle environmental impacts and primary energy demand)<\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur:
<\/strong>Dr. Peter Bayer, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, \u00de\u00fdskalandi
Dr. Maria Laura Parisi, a\u00f0sto\u00f0arpr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 l\u00edft\u00e6kni-, efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i- og lyfjafr\u00e6\u00f0ideild
<\/strong>H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Siena, Ital\u00edu<\/p>\n

Lei\u00f0beinandi:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. \u00d3lafur P\u00e9tur P\u00e1lsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 I\u00f0na\u00f0arverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i-, v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i- og t\u00f6lvunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ideild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/p>\n

Einnig \u00ed doktorsnefnd:<\/strong> Dr. Halld\u00f3r P\u00e1lsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 I\u00f0na\u00f0arverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i-, v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i- og t\u00f6lvunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ideild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands
Dr. Jukka Heinonen, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Umhverfis- og byggingarverkfr\u00e6\u00f0ideild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/p>\n

Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. R\u00fanar Unn\u00fe\u00f3rsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti I\u00f0na\u00f0arverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i-, v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i- og t\u00f6lvunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ideildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n

Framlei\u00f0sla raforku me\u00f0 jar\u00f0hita telur minna en 0,5% af rafmagns\u00fe\u00f6rf heimsins. S\u00f6kum \u00feessa er jar\u00f0hitan\u00fdting oft undanskilin \u00ed stefnum\u00f3tun og ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 orkukerfum. \u00de\u00e6r ranns\u00f3knir sem til eru um n\u00fdtingarm\u00f6guleika og umhverfis\u00e1hrif jar\u00f0hita \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00fdting hans, \u00fear sem jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar og efnahagslegar forsendur eru til sta\u00f0ar, geti stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 minnka losun fr\u00e1 orkuframlei\u00f0slu og auki\u00f0 hlut endurn\u00fdjanlegra orkugjafa \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 jar\u00f0efnaeldsneytis. \u00de\u00f3 eru til d\u00e6mi \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00fdting jar\u00f0hita valdi sams konar losun og n\u00fdting jar\u00f0efnaeldsneytis til orkuframlei\u00f0slu, sem undirstrikar mikilv\u00e6gis \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00e9tt skilyr\u00f0i s\u00e9u fyrir hendi vi\u00f0 n\u00fdtingu sl\u00edkra au\u00f0linda. Losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda fylgir einkum n\u00fdtingu h\u00e1hita, \u00fear sem jar\u00f0hitav\u00f6kvi er um 150\u00b0C e\u00f0a heitari \u00e1 1 km d\u00fdpi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd n\u00fd-uppf\u00e6r\u00f0ri orkustefnu Evr\u00f3pusambandsins (ESB) eru sett fram markmi\u00f0 um orku- og loftslagsm\u00e1l. \u00deau eru birt sem hluti af hreinorkupakkanum (e. \u201eclean energy for all\u201d package) og n\u00e1 til \u00e1rsins 2030. \u00deau eiga einkum a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til minnkunar \u00e1 losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda, auka hlut endurn\u00fdjanlegra orkugjafa og minnka orkunotkun me\u00f0 b\u00e6ttri orkun\u00fdtingu innan ESB. \u00deessari ranns\u00f3kn er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 svara hvernig og hvort n\u00fagildandi markmi\u00f0 orkustefnu ESB \u00fdta undir frekari jar\u00f0hitan\u00fdtingu \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. Ranns\u00f3knin notar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir vistferilsgreiningar (e. Life cycle assessment (LCA)) til \u00feess a\u00f0 reikna \u00fat frumorkun\u00fdtni og kolefnisspor h\u00e1hitan\u00fdtingar til samanbur\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 markmi\u00f0in. Ranns\u00f3knin er bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 raund\u00e6mi um sl\u00edka n\u00fdtingu, n\u00e1nar tilteki\u00f0 Hellishei\u00f0arvirkjun, sem er h\u00e1t\u00e6kni-jar\u00f0varmavirkjun sem framlei\u00f0ir b\u00e6\u00f0i rafmagn og varma til h\u00fashitunar. Beiting vistferilsgreiningar gefur heildr\u00e6nar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur fyrir \u00fdmis umhverfis\u00e1hrif virkjunarinnar, \u00fear me\u00f0 tali\u00f0 kolefnisspor framlei\u00f0slunnar og frumorkukr\u00e6fni hennar, sem eru lykilst\u00e6r\u00f0ir \u00ed markmi\u00f0um orkustefnu ESB. Hluti af ranns\u00f3kninni f\u00f3lst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 safna saman \u00edtarlegu gagnasetti fyrir mismunandi hluta l\u00edfsferils virkjunarinnar (e. Life cycle inventory (LCI)), \u00fear sem sl\u00edk g\u00f6gn voru ekki til rei\u00f0u fyrir h\u00e1hitavirkjanir \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00fatgefnum ranns\u00f3knum e\u00f0a gagnasettum. Jafnframt voru sko\u00f0a\u00f0ar mismunandi a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 skipta umhverfis\u00e1hrifum milli raforku- og varmaframlei\u00f0slunnar (e. Allocation methods) til \u00feess a\u00f0 meta \u00e1hrif \u00feeirra \u00e1 kolefnisspor og frumorkukr\u00e6fni beggja framlei\u00f0sluvara.<\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar s\u00fdna a\u00f0 kolefnisspor h\u00e1hitan\u00fdtingar getur veri\u00f0 samb\u00e6rilegt vi\u00f0 kolefnisspor annarra endurn\u00fdjanlegra orkugjafa, \u00feegar a\u00f0fer\u00f0um l\u00edfsferilsgreiningar er beitt vi\u00f0 \u00fatreikningana. \u00dear me\u00f0 getur jar\u00f0hiti gegnt mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki samhli\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkugj\u00f6fum \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0ar-orkukerfum \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu til a\u00f0 verjast loftslagsv\u00e1nni. Hins vegar er varman\u00fdtni sl\u00edkra virkjana l\u00e1g \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 rafmagnsframlei\u00f0slu, sem gerir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 h\u00e1hitan\u00fdting n\u00e6r ekki a\u00f0 uppfylla markmi\u00f0 ESB um aukna orkun\u00fdtni og minni frumorkunotkun. Ef horft yr\u00f0i til frumorkunotkunar af \u00f3endurn\u00fdjanlegum uppruna (e. non-renewable primary energy demand) eing\u00f6ngu myndi jar\u00f0hitan\u00fdting koma afar vel \u00fat \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra orkugjafa. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur ranns\u00f3knarinnar s\u00fdna einnig fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 losun brennisteinsvetnis (H2S) er \u00e1lagspunktur \u00ed vistferilsgreiningunni \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r eru bornar saman vi\u00f0 umhverfis\u00e1hrif annarra orkulausna. Losun H2S telst \u00fev\u00ed ein helsta aukaverkun h\u00e1hitan\u00fdtingar og getur h\u00fan valdi\u00f0 \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 s\u00farnun (e. Acidification potential) og eitrunar\u00e1hrifum \u00e1 mannf\u00f3lk (e. Human toxicity potential). Komast m\u00e1 hj\u00e1 sl\u00edkum \u00e1hrifum me\u00f0 notkun hreinsunarb\u00fana\u00f0ar. Lj\u00f3st er af ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unum a\u00f0 n\u00faverandi framsetning orkustefnu ESB og markmi\u00f0a henni tengdri sty\u00f0ja ekki n\u00e6gjanlega vel vi\u00f0 uppbyggingu jar\u00f0hitan\u00fdtingar \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marta R\u00f3s Karlsd\u00f3ttir er f\u00e6dd \u00e1ri\u00f0 1982. H\u00fan lauk BS-pr\u00f3fi \u00ed v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands (H\u00cd) \u00e1ri\u00f0 2007, en hluta n\u00e1msins t\u00f3k h\u00fan vi\u00f0 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) \u00ed Noregi. H\u00fan lauk MS-pr\u00f3fi \u00ed v\u00e9laverkfr\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 jar\u00f0hitan\u00fdtingu fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2008. Samhli\u00f0a doktorsn\u00e1mi hefur h\u00fan starfa\u00f0 sem forst\u00f6\u00f0uma\u00f0ur au\u00f0linda hj\u00e1 Orku n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar, sinnt stundakennslu vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og veri\u00f0 gestafyrirlesari um vistferilsgreiningu, orkum\u00e1l og jar\u00f0hita, \u00e1 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lastigi. Foreldrar M\u00f6rtu R\u00f3sar eru Gunnj\u00f3na Jensd\u00f3ttir hj\u00fakrunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur og Karl Laxdal Snorrason verkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur. Marta R\u00f3s er gift Bj\u00f6rgvini L\u00father Sigur\u00f0arsyni matrei\u00f0slumanni og b\u00faa \u00feau \u00e1samt b\u00f6rnum s\u00ednum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":4990,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2021-06-11T11:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2021-06-11T13:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"Ver\u00f6ld - H\u00fas Vigd\u00edsar Stofa 023","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"N\u00fdting h\u00e1hita til orkuframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed lj\u00f3si loftslags- og orkustefnu ESB \u2013 Umhverfis\u00e1hrif l\u00edfsferils og frumorku\u00fe\u00f6rf (High-temperature geothermal energy utilization in the context of EU climate and energy policy - life cycle environmental impacts and primary energy demand)","_phd_source_url":"https:\/\/gamli.hi.is\/vidburdir\/doktorsvorn_i_velaverkfraedi_marta_ros_karlsdottir","_phd_source_node_id":"375659","_phd_source_type":"vidburdir","_phd_member_id":749,"footnotes":""},"phd_school":[108,93],"phd_discipline":[110],"class_list":["post-6225","phd_defence","type-phd_defence","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","phd_school-idnadarverkfraedi-velaverkfraedi-og-tolvunarfraedideild","phd_school-verkfraedi-og-natturuvisindasvid","phd_discipline-phd-i-velaverkfraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd_defence"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6225\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"phd_school","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_school?post=6225"},{"taxonomy":"phd_discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_discipline?post=6225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}