{"id":6134,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:32","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-arni-kristmundsson\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:32","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-arni-kristmundsson","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-liffraedi-arni-kristmundsson\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i &#8211; \u00c1rni Kristmundsson"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\" property=\"content:encoded\">\n<p><strong>Doktorsefni:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c1rni Kristmundsson<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heiti ritger\u00f0ar:<\/strong>\u00a0E\u00f0li og meinvirkni sn\u00edkjud\u00fdra af fylkingu Apicomplexa \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rfelld aff\u00f6ll \u00ed stofnum h\u00f6rpudisks (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur Atlantshafi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andm\u00e6lendur:<\/strong><strong><br \/> <\/strong>Dr. Sonja Rueckert, d\u00f3sent \u00ed sj\u00e1varl\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Napier H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Edinborg, Bretlandi.<br \/> Dr. J\u00f6rundur Svavarsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f3mnefnd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sonja Rueckert, d\u00f3sent \u00ed sj\u00e1varl\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Napier H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Edinborg, Bretlandi.<br \/> J\u00f6rundur Svavarsson, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed sj\u00e1varl\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<br \/> Gu\u00f0r\u00fan G. \u00de\u00f3rarinsd\u00f3ttir, sj\u00e1varl\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ingur hj\u00e1 Hafranns\u00f3knastofnun, Ranns\u00f3kna- og r\u00e1\u00f0gjafarstofnun hafs og vatna.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Anna D\u00f3ra S\u00e6\u00fe\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti L\u00edf- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeildar<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fylking Apicomplexa, samanstendur af h\u00f3pi sj\u00fakd\u00f3msvaldandi, einfruma sn\u00edkjud\u00fdra sem\u00a0<br \/> s\u00fdkja b\u00e6\u00f0i hryggd\u00fdr og hryggleysingja. Til \u00feess a\u00f0 lj\u00faka l\u00edfsferli s\u00ednum \u00fearfnast \u00feau \u00fdmist eins h\u00fdsils (monoxenous) e\u00f0a tveggja h\u00fdsla (heteroxenous). Meinvirkni \u00feessa h\u00f3ps sn\u00edkjud\u00fdra er mismikil, eftir tegundum og\/e\u00f0a h\u00fdslum \u00feeirra. \u00dear sem \u00feetta eru innanfrumus\u00fdklar, valda \u00feeir \u00fe\u00f3 einhverjum vefjaskemmdum \u00ed \u00f6llum tilfellum.<br \/> \u00cd tengslum vi\u00f0 \u00f3e\u00f0lilega umfangsmikinn n\u00e1tt\u00farulegan dau\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fdmsum stofnum og tegundum h\u00f6rpudiska \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur Atlantshafi, voru fj\u00f3rar tegundir h\u00f6rpudisks, fr\u00e1 \u00cdslandi, F\u00e6reyjum, Bandar\u00edkjunum og Bretlandi, rannsaka\u00f0ar m.t.t. sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma, me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feessa mikla n\u00e1tt\u00farulega dau\u00f0a. Megin\u00e1herslan var l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 stofn \u00edslenska h\u00f6rpudisksins \u00ed Brei\u00f0afir\u00f0i, en algert hrun var\u00f0 \u00ed stofninum \u00e1 10. \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar. \u00cdslenski stofninn var vakta\u00f0ur \u00e1rlega \u00ed samfellt 14 \u00e1r. Til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar h\u00f6rpudiskum, voru beituk\u00f3ngur, auk fleiri tegundir lind\u00fdra, ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari stigum \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 l\u00edfsferil sn\u00edkjud\u00fdrs sem greindist.<br \/> Tv\u00e6r tegundir af fylkingu Apicomplexa greindust \u00ed h\u00f6rpuskeljunum, b\u00e1\u00f0ar a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er virtist \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00f3\u00feekktar: 1) Tegund sem f\u00e9kk nafni\u00f0 Margolisiella islandica sem s\u00fdkir hjarta og fannst eing\u00f6ngu \u00ed \u00edslensku h\u00f6rpuskelinni. Smitt\u00ed\u00f0nin var h\u00e1, en vefjaskemmdir samfara s\u00fdkingum voru \u00f3verulegar. 2) Tegund sem \u00ed fyrstu virtist \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00f3\u00feekkt; s\u00fdkir v\u00f6\u00f0va og sto\u00f0vefi (connective tissues) og fannst \u00ed \u00f6llum fj\u00f3rum h\u00f6rpudiskstegundunum. A\u00f0 fr\u00e1t\u00f6ldum skeljum fr\u00e1 Bretlandseyjum, voru s\u00fdkingar almennt umfangsmiklar og ollu sv\u00e6snum vefjaskemmdum. S\u00fdkingar hafa verulega neikv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 almennt \u00e1stand skelja, einkum a\u00f0dr\u00e1ttarv\u00f6\u00f0va, sem ver\u00f0ur \u00f3e\u00f0lilega r\u00fdr auk \u00feess a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a gr\u00e1\/br\u00fanleitir og lausir \u00ed s\u00e9r mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9tta, lj\u00f3sa, heilbrig\u00f0a v\u00f6\u00f0va. A\u00f0 auki, valda s\u00fdkingar verulegum skemmdum \u00e1 kynkirtlum sem lei\u00f0ir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir \u00feroskast ekki me\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegum h\u00e6tti. Frekari greiningar s\u00fdndu fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 tegundin reyndist vera Merocystis kathae sem l\u00fdst var \u00far n\u00fdra beituk\u00f3ngs fyrir meira en 100 \u00e1rum en veldur sniglinum \u00f3verulegu heilsutj\u00f3ni. M. kathae n\u00fdtir \u00fe.a.l. tvo h\u00fdsla til a\u00f0 lj\u00faka l\u00edfsferli s\u00ednum, h\u00f6rpudisk og beituk\u00f3ng. \u00deetta er fyrsti l\u00edfsferlill sem l\u00fdst er fyrir tegund af fylkingu Apicomplexa sem felur \u00ed s\u00e9r tv\u00e6r mismunandi tegundir lind\u00fdra.<br \/> \u00der\u00f3unarfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega, myndar M. kathae ein\u00e6tta\u00f0a (monophyletic) grein\/h\u00f3p (clade) me\u00f0 Aggregata tegundum. Systur-grein\/h\u00f3pur M. kathae og Aggregata tegundanna samanstendur af Filipodium phascolosomae og Platyproteum vivax, tegundum af \u00e6ttb\u00e1lki Archigregarinorida sem s\u00fdkja li\u00f0orma, m\u00f6ttuld\u00fdr, akarnorma og s\u00e6belgi. M. islandica og skyld tegund sem s\u00fdkir tegund h\u00f6rpudisks, Pseudoklossia pectinis, eru ekki hluti \u00feessara greina\/h\u00f3pa, en mynda s\u00e9rstaka grein\/h\u00f3p me\u00f0 Rhytidocystis tegundum, sem s\u00fdkja sj\u00e1varsamlokur og burstaorma. Allar \u00e1\u00f0urnefndar greinar\/h\u00f3par mynda svo saman grein\/h\u00f3p tegunda sem s\u00fdkja sj\u00e1varhryggleysingja.<br \/> Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feessara ranns\u00f3kna benda eindregi\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 M. kathae s\u00e9 megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a hruns \u00edslenska h\u00f6rpudisksstofnsins og sl\u00e6mu \u00e1standi h\u00f6rpudiskstegundarinnar vi\u00f0 F\u00e6reyjar. Auk \u00feessa, eru v\u00edsbendingar um a\u00f0 \u00feetta sn\u00edkjud\u00fdr valdi, og hafi valdi\u00f0, st\u00f3rfelldum n\u00e1tt\u00farulegum dau\u00f0a \u00ed skeljastofnum vi\u00f0 austurstr\u00f6nd Bandar\u00edkjanna og m\u00f6gulega miklum og \u00f3\u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0um aff\u00f6llum \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum stofnum \u00fdmissa tegunda h\u00f6rpudisks \u00ed N Atlantshafi \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina. \u00dear sem M. kathae s\u00fdkingar finnast \u00ed heilbrig\u00f0um h\u00f6rpudisksstofnum, vir\u00f0ist sem skeljar n\u00e1i a\u00f0 h\u00f6ndla v\u00e6gar s\u00fdkingar. Hins vegar, \u00feegar miki\u00f0 og langvarandi smitmagn berst fr\u00e1 smitu\u00f0um beituk\u00f3ngum \u00e1 b\u00fasv\u00e6\u00f0um h\u00f6rpudisks, geta komi\u00f0 upp faraldrar. \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi, g\u00e6tu h\u00f3fsamar vei\u00f0ar, \u00e1 b\u00e6\u00f0i h\u00f6rpudiski og beituk\u00f3ngi, minnka\u00f0 smitpressu og dregi\u00f0 \u00far l\u00edkum \u00e1 uppkomu sj\u00fakd\u00f3msfaraldra og tilheyrandi fj\u00e1rhagstj\u00f3ni samfara \u00feeim.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1rni Kristmundsson er f\u00e6ddur \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1966. \u00cd kj\u00f6lfar st\u00fadentspr\u00f3fs, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1986, vann hann vi\u00f0 b\u00edlavi\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og rak fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed \u00feeim geira \u00e1samt br\u00f3\u00f0ur s\u00ednum um 9 \u00e1ra skei\u00f0. \u00der\u00edtugur a\u00f0 aldri h\u00f3f \u00c1rni n\u00e1m \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist me\u00f0 B.Sc. pr\u00f3f \u00fea\u00f0an \u00e1ri\u00f0 1999 og lauk svo M.Sc. pr\u00f3fi fr\u00e1 sama sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 2003. S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1ri\u00f0 1999 hefur \u00c1rni starfa\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Ranns\u00f3knadeild fisksj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00e1 Tilraunast\u00f6\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00ed meinafr\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 Keldum, \u00fear af sem deildarstj\u00f3ri s\u00ed\u00f0an 2009. \u00c1rni \u00e1 tvo uppkomna syni. Samb\u00fdlikona hans er Ragnhildur \u00de. Magn\u00fasd\u00f3ttir l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00e1 Hafranns\u00f3knastofnun.<strong> <br \/> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/events\/2044782902251705\/\"><strong>Vi\u00f0bur\u00f0ur \u00e1 Facebook<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1990,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2018-12-07T10:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2018-12-07T12:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"Askja Stofa 132","_phd_admission":"Allir velkomnir","_phd_thesis_title":"E\u00f0li og meinvirkni sn\u00edkjud\u00fdra af fylkingu Apicomplexa \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rfelld aff\u00f6ll \u00ed stofnum h\u00f6rpudisks (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) \u00ed Nor\u00f0ur Atlantshafi","_phd_source_url":"https:\/\/gamli.hi.is\/vidburdir\/doktorsvorn_i_liffraedi_arni_kristmundsson","_phd_source_node_id":"312593","_phd_source_type":"vidburdir","_phd_member_id":580,"footnotes":""},"phd_school":[96,93],"phd_discipline":[97],"class_list":["post-6134","phd_defence","type-phd_defence","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","phd_school-lif-og-umhverfisvisindadeild","phd_school-verkfraedi-og-natturuvisindasvid","phd_discipline-phd-i-liffraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd_defence"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6134\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"phd_school","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_school?post=6134"},{"taxonomy":"phd_discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_discipline?post=6134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}