{"id":6132,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-william-michael-moreland\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:31","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-william-michael-moreland","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-william-michael-moreland\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i \u2013 William Michael Moreland"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\" property=\"content:encoded\">\n<p><strong>F\u00f6studaginn 14. j\u00fal\u00ed ver William Michael Moreland doktorsritger\u00f0 s\u00edna vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/strong> Ritger\u00f0in ber heiti\u00f0:<span>\u00a0<\/span>Sprengigosavirkni \u00ed fl\u00e6\u00f0ibasaltgosum me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku tilliti til Eldgj\u00e1rgossins \u00e1 10. \u00f6ld (Explosive activity in flood lava eruptions: a case study of the 10th century Eldgj\u00e1 eruption, Iceland.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andm\u00e6lendur<\/strong> eru dr. Valentin R. Troll, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed bergfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Geocentrum H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Upps\u00f6lum, Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0, og dr. Corrado Cimarelli, v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur vi\u00f0\u00a0jar\u00f0- og umhverfisv\u00edsindadeild Ludwig Maximilians h\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed\u00a0M\u00fcnchen, \u00de\u00fdskalandi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lei\u00f0beinandi<\/strong> er dr. \u00deorvaldur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed eldfjalla- og bergfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. A\u00f0rir \u00ed doktorsnefnd eru Gu\u00f0r\u00fan Larsen, v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur emeritus vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, og dr. Bruce F. Houghton, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed eldfjallafr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1 Hawai&#8217;i \u00ed M\u0101noa.<\/p>\n<p>Magn\u00fas Tumi Gu\u00f0mundsson, deildarforseti og pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, st\u00fdrir v\u00f6rninni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c1grip af ranns\u00f3kn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eldgj\u00e1rgosi\u00f0 \u00e1 10. \u00f6ld, sem framleiddi um 21.0\u00a0km<sup>3<\/sup> af einsleitri alkal\u00edskri basaltkviku, er st\u00e6rsta eldgos jar\u00f0ar \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu 1100 \u00e1rum. R\u00famtak hrauna er 19,7\u00a0km<sup>3<\/sup> og gj\u00f3skan eru 1,3\u00a0km<sup>3<\/sup> (reikna\u00f0 sem hraun). Gj\u00f3skan mynda\u00f0ist \u00ed a\u00f0 minnsta kosti 16 goshrinum. Blandg\u00edgar\u00f6\u00f0 Eldgj\u00e1rgossins er \u00f3samfelld og n\u00e6r yfir 70 km vegalengd fr\u00e1 M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kli \u00ed su\u00f0vestri og a\u00f0 ja\u00f0ri Vatnaj\u00f6kuls \u00ed nor\u00f0austri.<\/p>\n<p>Sprengivirknin \u00ed Eldgj\u00e1rgosinu voru einstakir atbur\u00f0ir (\u00fe.e. hrina) sem afm\u00f6rku\u00f0ust vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0na hluta g\u00edgara\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 hverjum t\u00edma. Hver hrina leiddi til gj\u00f3skufalls sem samsvarar s\u00e9rstakri einingu \u00ed gj\u00f3skulaginu. Saman mynda \u00feessar einingar gj\u00f3skulag sem er 2 m \u00feykkt \u00ed 10 km fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upptakag\u00edgum. \u00cd fyrstu 10 hrinunum var \u00feessi virkni \u00fdmist \u00ed M\u00fdrdalsj\u00f6kli e\u00f0a r\u00e9tt utan j\u00f6kulsins og skiptust \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 sprengigos (freat\u00f3magmat\u00edsk virkni) \u00ed j\u00f6klinum og \u00feeytigos (magmat\u00edsk virkni) utan hans.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed\u00f0ustu sex hrinurnar voru \u00feeytigos utan j\u00f6kuls. \u00deessi sprengivirkni var pl\u00edn\u00edsk \u00ed e\u00f0li s\u00ednu og gosmekkirnir fr\u00e1 goshrinunum stigu 11 til 18 km \u00ed loft upp og vel upp fyrir ve\u00f0rahvolfi\u00f0 yfir \u00cdslandi.<\/p>\n<p> M\u00e6lingar \u00e1 bl\u00f6\u00f0rumagni og bl\u00f6\u00f0rust\u00e6r\u00f0ardreifingu Eldgj\u00e1rvikurs s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 enginn munur er \u00e1 freat\u00f3magmat\u00edsku og magmat\u00edsku gj\u00f3skunni, sem bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 utana\u00f0komandi vatn komst ekki \u00ed snertingu vi\u00f0 kvikuna fyrr en eftir sundrun hennar efst \u00ed gosr\u00e1sinni.<\/p>\n<p>Verulegur munur er \u00e1 heildarkornast\u00e6r\u00f0ardreifingu magmat\u00edsku og freat\u00f3magmat\u00edsku gj\u00f3skunnar, \u00fear sem s\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda inniheldur meira af f\u00ednni \u00f6sku. Leidd er r\u00f6k a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessi f\u00edna aska hafi myndast vi\u00f0 hra\u00f0k\u00e6lingu \u00e1 vikurkornunum \u00feegar gosstr\u00f3kurinn reis upp \u00ed gegnum br\u00e6\u00f0sluvatn j\u00f6kulsins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"321\" alt=\"William Moreland\" class=\"b-lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ugla.hi.is\/pub\/ufiles\/64\/649acdf575\/VoN%20H%C3%8D\/William_Moreland_profile_photograph.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>William Moreland er f\u00e6ddur 1989. Hann\u00a0\u00f3lst upp me\u00f0 \u00feremur systkinum \u00ed sveit \u00ed Northumberland-h\u00e9ra\u00f0i \u00ed Nor\u00f0austur-Englandi, \u00fear sem foreldrar hans r\u00e1ku \u00feorpsap\u00f3teki\u00f0. Eftir hvatningu fr\u00e1 jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingum Bresku jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0istofnunarinnar, sem voru \u00ed sveitinni vi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knir, f\u00f3r William til n\u00e1ms \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Edinborg.<\/p>\n<p>Eftir a\u00f0 hafa loki\u00f0 vi\u00f0 BSc-kortlagningarverkefni \u00e1 eyjunni Eigg \u00ed Hebrideseyjaklasanum og MSc-bergfr\u00e6\u00f0iverkefni um hraunastaflann sem myndar Arthur Seat eldfjalli\u00f0 \u00ed Edinborg, \u00fatskrifa\u00f0ist William fr\u00e1 Edinborgarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la me\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6tiseinkunn og meistaragr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i. Strax \u00fear \u00e1 eftir flutti William til \u00cdslands til \u00feess a\u00f0 hefja doktorsn\u00e1m sitt vi\u00f0 H\u00cd, \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1983,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2017-07-14T13:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2017-07-14T16:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"Askja 132","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"Sprengigosavirkni \u00ed fl\u00e6\u00f0ibasaltgosum me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku tilliti til Eldgj\u00e1rgossins \u00e1 10. \u00f6ld (Explosive activity in flood lava eruptions: a case study of the 10th century Eldgj\u00e1 eruption, Iceland.)","_phd_source_url":"https:\/\/gamli.hi.is\/vidburdir\/doktorsvorn_i_jardfraedi_william_michael_moreland","_phd_source_node_id":"304104","_phd_source_type":"vidburdir","_phd_member_id":574,"footnotes":""},"phd_school":[113,93],"phd_discipline":[115],"class_list":["post-6132","phd_defence","type-phd_defence","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","phd_school-jardvisindadeild","phd_school-verkfraedi-og-natturuvisindasvid","phd_discipline-phd-i-jardfraedi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd_defence"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_defence\/6132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"phd_school","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_school?post=6132"},{"taxonomy":"phd_discipline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd_discipline?post=6132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}