{"id":6113,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-deirdre-elizabeth-clark\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-deirdre-elizabeth-clark","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardfraedi-deirdre-elizabeth-clark\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i – Deirdre Elizabeth Clark"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Doktorsefni:<\/strong>\u00a0Deirdre Elizabeth Clark<\/p>\n

Heiti ritger\u00f0ar:<\/strong>\u00a0Steinrenning kolefnis \u00ed basalti vi\u00f0 h\u00e1an hita. Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 tilraunastofu og \u00ed n\u00e1tt\u00farunni.<\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur:<\/strong>
<\/strong>Dr. Bj\u00f8rn Jamtveit, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed \u00d3sl\u00f3, Noregi
Dr. Gregory M. Dipple, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed British Columbia \u00ed Kanada<\/p>\n

Lei\u00f0beinandi:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Sigur\u00f0ur Reynir G\u00edslason, v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/p>\n

Einnig \u00ed doktorsnefnd:<\/strong>
<\/strong>Dr. Eric H. Oelkers, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 University College London, Bretlandi, og ranns\u00f3knastj\u00f3ri vi\u00f0 Franska ranns\u00f3knarr\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Toulouse \u00ed Frakklandi
Dr. Iwona M. Galeczka, n\u00fddoktor vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og jar\u00f0efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00a0hj\u00e1\u00a0 \u00cdslenskum orkuranns\u00f3knum, \u00cdSOR
Dr. Domenik Wolff-Boenisch, lektor vi\u00f0 Curtin-h\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Perth \u00ed \u00c1stral\u00edu<\/p>\n

Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Magn\u00fas Tumi Gu\u00f0mundsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands<\/p>\n

\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eitt af h\u00f6fu\u00f0vandam\u00e1lum \u00feeim sem mannkyni\u00f0 stendur frammi fyrir um \u00feessar mundir er hvernig draga megi \u00far losun koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s (CO2) til andr\u00famsloftsins. Ein lausnin v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 fanga koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00far \u00fatbl\u00e6stri i\u00f0ju- og orkuvera, e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 beint \u00far andr\u00famslofti, og binda \u00fea\u00f0 til framb\u00fa\u00f0ar \u00ed bergi. Basalt er au\u00f0ugt af tv\u00edgildum katj\u00f3num, Ca2+, Mg2+ og Fe2+, sem geta leyst \u00far bergi og hvarfast vi\u00f0 kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0 og mynda\u00f0 \u00feannig st\u00f6\u00f0ugar karb\u00f3natsteindir. Kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0 sem leyst er upp \u00ed vatni og d\u00e6lt ni\u00f0ur \u00ed basaltsv\u00e6\u00f0i steinrennur \u00e1 innan vi\u00f0 tveimur \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3kn \u00feessari var ger\u00f0 rennslistilraun \u00ed h\u00e1\u00fer\u00fdstihvarfas\u00falu, sem svo er k\u00f6llu\u00f0, til a\u00f0 herma d\u00e6lingu koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s \u00ed glera\u00f0 basalt vi\u00f0 50\u00b0C. Var \u00feetta gert \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed augnami\u00f0i a\u00f0 kanna hver hlutf\u00f6ll koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0sins og vatnsins, sem \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri leyst \u00ed, \u00feyrftu a\u00f0 vera til \u00feess a\u00f0 skapa kj\u00f6ra\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur til \u00fatfellingar karb\u00f3nata, fremur en ze\u00f3l\u00edta e\u00f0a leirsteinda, vi\u00f0 50\u00b0C og pH-gildi \u00e1 bilinu 5,2 til 6,5. Allar \u00feessar steindir keppa um tv\u00edgildar katj\u00f3nir og holr\u00fdmi \u00ed berginu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar s\u00fdna gl\u00f6ggt a\u00f0 upphaflegt pH-gildi og styrkur koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s \u00ed ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingarvatninu skipta mestu um a\u00f0 \u00feessar kj\u00f6ra\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur n\u00e1ist. L\u00edkanreikningar s\u00fdna enn fremur a\u00f0 ef hl\u00e9 er gert \u00e1 innstreymi koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s en ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingu vatns haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram aukast l\u00edkur \u00e1 myndun r\u00famm\u00e1lsfrekra Ca-Na-ze\u00f3l\u00edta og Mg-Fe-leirsteinda, sem taka upp holr\u00fdmi \u00ed berginu.<\/p>\n

Samhli\u00f0a tilraunum \u00e1 ranns\u00f3knarstofu h\u00f3fst ni\u00f0urd\u00e6ling bl\u00f6ndu koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s og brennisteinsvetnis \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014 \u00ed svonefndu CarbFix2 verkefni vi\u00f0 Hellishei\u00f0arvirkjun. \u00cd \u00e1rslok 2017 haf\u00f0i 23.200 tonnum af koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0i og 11.800 tonnum af brennisteinsvetni veri\u00f0 d\u00e6lt ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 750 m d\u00fdpi, \u00ed sprungi\u00f0 og ummynda\u00f0 basalt, heitara en 250\u00b0C. Safna\u00f0 var meira en 80 s\u00fdnum af vatni og gasi \u00far v\u00f6ktunar- og ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingarholum, b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingu og me\u00f0an \u00e1 henni st\u00f3\u00f0. Styrkur a\u00f0al-, auka- og snefilefna var m\u00e6ldur \u00ed \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 leggja mat \u00e1 hlut steinrunninna gasa, reikna mettunarstig frum- og ummyndunarsteinda \u00ed berginu og til a\u00f0 kanna hreyfanleika og uppt\u00f6ku snefilefna.<\/p>\n

\u00cd fyrsta \u00e1fanga CarbFix2 ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingarinnar, fr\u00e1 j\u00fan\u00ed 2014 til j\u00fal\u00ed 2016, steinrunnu meira en 50% af koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0inu og 76% af brennisteinsvetninu \u00e1 fj\u00f3rum til n\u00edu m\u00e1nu\u00f0um. Ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingin var tv\u00f6f\u00f6ldu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum hluta verkefnisins, fr\u00e1 j\u00fal\u00ed 2016 til desember 2017 og j\u00f3kst \u00fe\u00e1 steinrenningin \u00e1 fj\u00f3rum m\u00e1nu\u00f0um, \u00feannig a\u00f0 60% koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0sins og meira en 85% brennisteinsvetnisins bundust \u00ed bergi. Tv\u00f6f\u00f6ldun innstreymis gass haf\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 l\u00e6kka\u00f0 pH-gildi v\u00f6kvans og f\u00e6rt hann n\u00e6r kj\u00f6ra\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00fatfellingar. Leysing Ca \u00far bergi er v\u00e6ntanlega s\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1ttur sem takmarkar \u00fatfellingu kals\u00edts, en d\u00f3l\u00f3m\u00edt og uppleyst Mg skipta tr\u00falega einnig m\u00e1li fyrir steinrenningu koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0sins. H\u00e1r hiti bergsins, yfir 250\u00b0C, fl\u00fdtir steinrenningu, en hann er vi\u00f0 efri m\u00f6rk \u00feess a\u00f0 leyfa steinrenningu koltv\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s \u00fev\u00ed karb\u00f3natsteindir vilja brotna ni\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 h\u00e6rri hita. \u00c1d\u00e6lingarstu\u00f0ull ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingarholunnar h\u00e9lst st\u00f6\u00f0ugur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e1lfu fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ri sem tilraunin st\u00f3\u00f0 yfir, sem s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 steinrenningin hefur enn ekki spillt lekt bergsins svo neinu nemi.<\/p>\n

Uppleysing basalts losar einnig snefilefni, sem talsvert hafa veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskum jar\u00f0hitakerfum. L\u00edti\u00f0 er samt vita\u00f0 um hreyfanleika \u00feeirra \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar ni\u00f0urd\u00e6lingar gasa \u00ed basalt. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feessa verkefnis s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 losun og uppt\u00f6ku nokkurra snefilefna, einkum Ba, Sr, As og Mo. \u00deessi efni, og fleiri, eru v\u00e6ntanlega tekin upp af karb\u00f3n\u00f6tum, s\u00falf\u00ed\u00f0um svo og ummyndunarsteindum eins og ep\u00edd\u00f3ti og akt\u00edn\u00f3l\u00edti. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feessi jar\u00f0hitav\u00f6kvi s\u00e9 ekki \u00e6tla\u00f0ur til drykkjar er engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur eftirtektarvert a\u00f0 styrkur snefilefna \u00ed honum er yfirleitt undir \u00feeim m\u00f6rkum sem neysluvatnssta\u00f0lar Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a heilbrig\u00f0ism\u00e1lastofnunarinnar, Evr\u00f3pusambandsins og \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnvalda setja. Helsta undantekningin er \u00fe\u00f3 styrkur arsens. Hann var umtalsvert h\u00e6rri \u00e1\u00f0ur en ni\u00f0urd\u00e6ling h\u00f3fst, svo og \u00e1 fyrsta \u00e1ri hennar, en l\u00e6kka\u00f0i s\u00ed\u00f0an miki\u00f0 me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum, og \u00fea\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur fyrir m\u00f6rk t\u00e9\u00f0ra neysluvatnssta\u00f0la.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Deirdre Elizabeth Clark f\u00e6ddist 8. apr\u00edl 1988. Foreldrar hennar eru Deanna Borchers og Paul Chudleigh Clark. H\u00fan \u00f3lst upp \u00ed Calgary \u00ed Alberta-fylki \u00ed Kanada og Scotch Plains \u00ed New Jersey-fylki \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum. Deirdre lauk BS-n\u00e1mi \u00ed jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og BA \u00ed umhverfisfr\u00e6\u00f0um fr\u00e1 George Washington University \u00ed Washington \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2010. H\u00fan lauk MS-n\u00e1mi \u00ed jar\u00f0efnafr\u00e6\u00f0i og vatnafr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 Utrecht University \u00ed Hollandi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013. Deirdre h\u00f3f doktorsn\u00e1m sitt vi\u00f0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1927,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_phd_date_start":"2019-10-23T14:00:00+00:00","_phd_date_end":"2019-10-23T16:00:00+00:00","_phd_location":"A\u00f0albygging H\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arsalur","_phd_admission":"A\u00f0gangur \u00f3keypis","_phd_thesis_title":"Steinrenning kolefnis \u00ed basalti vi\u00f0 h\u00e1an hita. 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