{"id":6108,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardedlisfraedi-asdis-benediktsdottir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:29","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-jardedlisfraedi-asdis-benediktsdottir","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-jardedlisfraedi-asdis-benediktsdottir\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i &#8211; \u00c1sd\u00eds Benediktsd\u00f3ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\" property=\"content:encoded\">\n<p><strong>Doktorsefni:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c1sd\u00eds Benediktsd\u00f3ttir<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heiti ritger\u00f0ar:<\/strong>\u00a0Jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg k\u00f6nnun frams\u00e6kinna rekbelta vi\u00f0 Bight-\u00feverbrotabelti\u00f0 \u00e1 sunnanver\u00f0um Reykjaneshrygg og vi\u00f0 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kul \u00ed Eystra gosbelti \u00cdslands (A Geophysical Study of Propagating Rifts at the Bight-Transform Fault on the southern part of the Reykjanes Ridge and in the Eastern Volcanic Zone of Iceland)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Andm\u00e6lendur:<\/strong><strong><br \/> <\/strong>Dr. Jason Phipps Morgan, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Royal Holloway, University of London.<br \/> Dr. Nicholas Rawlinson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lei\u00f0beinendur og doktorsnefnd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d3lafur Gu\u00f0mundsson, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeild Uppsalah\u00e1sk\u00f3la, Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Freysteinn Sigmundsson, v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans.<br \/> Brynd\u00eds Brandsd\u00f3ttir, v\u00edsindama\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindastofnun H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir:<\/strong>\u00a0Dr. Andri Stef\u00e1nsson, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti Jar\u00f0v\u00edsindadeildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c1grip<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1 \u00cdslandi r\u00eds Atlantshafshryggurinn yfir sj\u00e1varm\u00e1l vegna samspils hans vi\u00f0 heitan reit \u00fear sem eldvirkni er mikil. \u00c1s\u00fdnd hryggjarins er nokku\u00f0 fl\u00f3kin \u00fear sem hann skiptist upp \u00ed nokkur misg\u00f6mul rekbelti. Hryggurinn leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 liggja yfir mi\u00f0ju heita reitsins, sem \u00ed dag er undir vestanver\u00f0um Vatnaj\u00f6kli. Afst\u00e6\u00f0 hreyfing heita reitsins og hryggjarins veldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eldri rekbelti, sem eru \u00f3virk \u00ed dag, er a\u00f0 finna vestan n\u00faverandi rek\u00e1sa. Utan \u00cdslands er \u00e1s\u00fdnd Atlantshafshryggjarins einfaldari, \u00fear sem eitt rekbelti er virkt \u00e1 hverjum t\u00edma, en hryggurinn \u00fer\u00f3ast samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed t\u00edma og r\u00fami. Vi\u00f0 hli\u00f0run rekbelta myndast frams\u00e6kin rekbelti, \u00fe.e. kerfi \u00fear sem einn armur rekbeltis vex \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 annars. Tveimur sv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 frams\u00e6knum rekbeltum er l\u00fdst \u00ed doktorsritger\u00f0inni; Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kli sem liggur \u00ed hinum frams\u00e6kna hluta Eystra gosbeltisins og sv\u00e6\u00f0inu su\u00f0ur af Bight-\u00feverbrotabeltinu, vi\u00f0 hinn frams\u00e6kna enda Reykjaneshryggjarins.\u00a0<br \/> Tv\u00e6r greinar fjalla um Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kul og n\u00e1l\u00e6g sv\u00e6\u00f0i. Fyrri greinin l\u00fdsir n\u00fdju hra\u00f0al\u00edkani yfirbor\u00f0sbylgna innan eldfjallsins. N\u00fdlegri a\u00f0fer\u00f0 er beitt, \u00fear sem langar t\u00edmara\u00f0ir l\u00edtilla yfirbor\u00f0sbylgna me\u00f0 uppt\u00f6k \u00ed \u00fath\u00f6funum eru m\u00e6ldar. Ef veikt merki sem \u00feetta er endurteki\u00f0 oft m\u00e1 me\u00f0 v\u00edxlreikningum milli tveggja jar\u00f0skj\u00e1lftam\u00e6list\u00f6\u00f0va draga fram merki sem inniheldur uppl\u00fdsingar um hra\u00f0askipan jar\u00f0arinnar \u00e1 milli st\u00f6\u00f0vanna. \u00deessi a\u00f0fer\u00f0 er k\u00f6llu\u00f0 su\u00f0t\u00f3mograf\u00eda. Su\u00f0t\u00f3mograf\u00eda var framkv\u00e6md me\u00f0 g\u00f6gnum fr\u00e1 sext\u00e1n skj\u00e1lftam\u00e6list\u00f6\u00f0vum umhverfis Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kul yfir 7 m\u00e1na\u00f0a t\u00edmabil. \u00c1rei\u00f0anlegir fasahra\u00f0aferlar voru m\u00e6ldir \u00e1 lotubilinu 1-7 sek\u00fandur. N\u00e6mnireikningar leiddu \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 l\u00edkani\u00f0 haf\u00f0i g\u00f3\u00f0a upplausn ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 10 k\u00edl\u00f3metra d\u00fdpi. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 tv\u00f6 h\u00e1hra\u00f0asv\u00e6\u00f0i, me\u00f0 austur-vestur stefnu, liggi beggja vegna g\u00edgsins \u00ed toppi eldfjallsins. \u00c1 milli \u00feeirra er tilt\u00f6lulega l\u00e1gur hra\u00f0i. \u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed sv\u00e6\u00f0i ur\u00f0u sm\u00e1skj\u00e1lftar \u00ed Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kulsgosinu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2010, sem benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fearna hafi veri\u00f0 kvikuuppstreymi. H\u00e1hra\u00f0asv\u00e6\u00f0in eru t\u00falku\u00f0 sem eldri, k\u00f3lnu\u00f0 innskot.\u00a0<br \/> \u00d6nnur greinin um Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kul fjallar um \u00f3r\u00f3ann \u00ed eldgosinu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2010. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 sta\u00f0setja \u00f3r\u00f3a \u00e1 mismunandi h\u00e1tt. Ef uppsprettan geislar bylgjum jafnt \u00ed allar \u00e1ttir m\u00e1 sko\u00f0a hvernig \u00fatslag minnkar me\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 fr\u00e1 henni. \u00cd lj\u00f3s kom a\u00f0 \u00feessa einf\u00f6ldun var ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera vi\u00f0 \u00farvinnslu gagna fr\u00e1 2010 gosinu. Greinilegur \u00f3r\u00f3i m\u00e6ldist \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00e1 gosinu st\u00f3\u00f0 og breytileika hans var h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tengja vi\u00f0 gang gossins, t.d. hvort sprengivirkni hafi veri\u00f0 mikil e\u00f0a l\u00edtil. Greinin tekur \u00e1 tveimur vandam\u00e1lum; sta\u00f0setningu uppsprettu \u00f3r\u00f3ans og greiningu aflhlutfalla milli \u00f3l\u00edkra m\u00e6list\u00f6\u00f0va, sem breyttust me\u00f0 t\u00edma \u00e1 me\u00f0an gosi\u00f0 st\u00f3\u00f0 yfir. Sta\u00f0setning uppsprettunnar var mj\u00f6g st\u00f6\u00f0ug allt gosi\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0nibilinu 0.5-2 Hz og \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 sigkatla, sem myndu\u00f0ust \u00ed j\u00f6klinum \u00ed byrjun gossins og g\u00edgana, sem myndu\u00f0ust vegna \u00edsbr\u00e1\u00f0nunar. St\u00f6\u00f0ugleiki uppsprettunnar ger\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt var a\u00f0 meta \u00fdmsa eiginleika \u00f3r\u00f3ans me\u00f0 einfaldri a\u00f0fallsgreiningu. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feeirrar greiningar benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f3r\u00f3inn hafi a\u00f0allega veri\u00f0 samsettur af yfirbor\u00f0sbylgjum og a\u00f0 Q-stu\u00f0ull fyrir bylgjudeifingu innan eldfjallsins s\u00e9 um Q=10-20 en utan \u00feess \u00e1 milli 20 og 50. Mestur breytileiki \u00ed \u00fatslagsmynstri \u00f3r\u00f3ans m\u00e6ldist \u00feegar sprengivirkni var vi\u00f0 l\u00e1gmark en uppsprettan var n\u00e6r \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 geisla jafnt \u00ed allar \u00e1ttir \u00e1 me\u00f0an sprengivirkni var mikil.\u00a0<br \/> Hitt ranns\u00f3knarsv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e6r fr\u00e1 Bight-\u00feverbrotabeltinu og 80 km \u00fear til su\u00f0urs, \u00fear sem rekstefna Atlantshafshryggjarins breytist fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 liggja 30\u00b0 sk\u00e1hallt \u00e1 hrygginn \u00ed stefnu hornr\u00e9tt \u00e1 hrygginn. Reksaga sv\u00e6\u00f0isins var rakin me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 greina segulm\u00e6lingarg\u00f6gn s\u00ed\u00f0ustu 6 millj\u00f3na \u00e1ra. R\u00f6\u00f0 l\u00edtilla frams\u00e6kinna hryggja f\u00e6ra stinnhvolf fr\u00e1 Evras\u00eduflekanum yfir \u00e1 Nor\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edkuflekann. \u00deessi \u00f3samhverfa \u00ed f\u00e6rslu stinnhvolfs fr\u00e1 einum fleka yfir \u00e1 annan, kemur heim og saman vi\u00f0 svipa\u00f0a \u00f3samhverfu nor\u00f0an ranns\u00f3knarsv\u00e6\u00f0isins \u00e1 Reykjaneshryggnum og \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00d3samhverfuna \u00e1 hryggnum nor\u00f0an Bight-\u00feverbrotabeltisins er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra me\u00f0 afst\u00e6\u00f0um f\u00e6rslum heita reitsins og hryggjakerfisins. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1lykta a\u00f0 \u00e1hrifa fr\u00e1 heita reitnum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi g\u00e6ti su\u00f0ur fyrir Bight-\u00feverbrotabelti\u00f0, allt a\u00f0 1000 k\u00edl\u00f3metrum su\u00f0ur af mi\u00f0ju heita reitsins \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1sd\u00eds Benediktsd\u00f3ttir er f\u00e6dd \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 1984. H\u00fan lauk st\u00fadentspr\u00f3fi fr\u00e1 Menntask\u00f3lanum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00e1ri\u00f0 2004 og B.Sc. pr\u00f3fi \u00ed jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 2007. Eftir brautskr\u00e1ningu flutti h\u00fan fr\u00e1 einum heitum reit yfir \u00e1 annan og kl\u00e1ra\u00f0i meistarpr\u00f3f \u00ed jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lanum \u00e1 Hawaii \u00e1ri\u00f0 2011.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> Doktorsn\u00e1mi\u00f0 h\u00f3f h\u00fan eftir heimkomu en stunda\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 hl\u00e9um, \u00fear sem henni f\u00e6ddust tv\u00e6r d\u00e6tur \u00e1 lei\u00f0inni; An\u00edta \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012 og Tanja \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1sd\u00eds er gift hugb\u00fana\u00f0arverkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingnum Tryggva Bj\u00f6rgvinssyni. H\u00fan starfar sem jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur hj\u00e1 \u00cdslenskum Orkuranns\u00f3knum og hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fear vi\u00f0 st\u00f6rf fr\u00e1 mars 2016. \u00dea\u00f0 eru ekki bara bylgjur \u00ed j\u00f6r\u00f0inni sem fanga hug \u00c1sd\u00edsar, \u00fear sem h\u00fan \u00fer\u00edfst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 syngja \u00e1 milli \u00feess sem h\u00fan sko\u00f0ar jar\u00f0arbylgjur af \u00fdmsum toga.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":5251,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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velkomnir","_phd_thesis_title":"Jar\u00f0e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg k\u00f6nnun frams\u00e6kinna rekbelta vi\u00f0 Bight-\u00feverbrotabelti\u00f0 \u00e1 sunnanver\u00f0um Reykjaneshrygg og vi\u00f0 Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kul \u00ed Eystra gosbelti \u00cdslands (A Geophysical Study of Propagating Rifts at the Bight-Transform Fault on the southern part of the Reykjanes Ridge and in the Eastern Volcanic Zone of 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