{"id":5935,"date":"2026-10-19T09:48:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-logfraedi-margret-einarsdottir\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T09:48:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T09:48:12","slug":"doktorsvorn-i-logfraedi-margret-einarsdottir","status":"publish","type":"phd_defence","link":"https:\/\/phd.hi.is\/en\/doktorsvorn\/doktorsvorn-i-logfraedi-margret-einarsdottir\/","title":{"rendered":"Doktorsv\u00f6rn \u00ed l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i – Margr\u00e9t Einarsd\u00f3ttir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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F\u00f6studaginn 6. desember ver Margr\u00e9t Einarsd\u00f3ttir doktorsverkefni sitt \u00ed l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem ber heiti\u00f0 Framkv\u00e6md EES-samningsins af h\u00e1lfu \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins: Upptaka afleiddrar l\u00f6ggjafar \u00ed EES-samninginn og innlei\u00f0ing \u00ed \u00edslenskan r\u00e9tt.<\/p>\n

Andm\u00e6lendur: Dr. Gunnar \u00de\u00f3r P\u00e9tursson, framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3ri innri marka\u00f0a hj\u00e1 ESA og pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk og \u00deorgeir \u00d6rlygsson, h\u00e6star\u00e9ttard\u00f3mari, fyrrv. d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 EFTAd\u00f3mst\u00f3lsins og fyrrv. pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n

Lei\u00f0beinandi:<\/strong> Dr. Dav\u00ed\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r Bj\u00f6rgvinsson, landsr\u00e9ttard\u00f3mari og ranns\u00f3knarpr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.
Einnig eru \u00ed doktorsnefndinni dr. M. Elvira M\u00e9ndes-Pinedo, pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands og
dr. P\u00e1ll Hreinsson, forseti EFTA-d\u00f3mst\u00f3lsins og ranns\u00f3knarpr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.
Doktorsv\u00f6rn st\u00fdrir dr. A\u00f0alhei\u00f0ur J\u00f3hannesd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor og deildarforseti Lagadeildar H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n

Um doktorsefni\u00f0<\/strong>
Margr\u00e9t Einarsd\u00f3ttir lauk cand.jur fr\u00e1 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3la
\u00cdslands 2002 og LL.M gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed Evr\u00f3pur\u00e9tti fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lanum
\u00ed Cambridge 2006. Margr\u00e9t starfa\u00f0i sem fulltr\u00fai \u00e1 M\u00f6rkinni
l\u00f6gmannsstofu fr\u00e1 2003-2005 og a\u00f0sto\u00f0arma\u00f0ur d\u00f3mara
vi\u00f0 H\u00e6star\u00e9tt \u00cdslands 2006-2009. Margr\u00e9t hefur jafnframt
gegnt margv\u00edslegum aukast\u00f6rfum \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina, var
m.a. varaforma\u00f0ur stj\u00f3rnar, og t\u00edmabundi\u00f0 settur
forma\u00f0ur, Fj\u00e1rm\u00e1laeftirlitsins \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2012-2014.
Margr\u00e9t hefur gegnt fastri st\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 Lagadeild H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed
Reykjav\u00edk fr\u00e1 2010 og er n\u00fa d\u00f3sent vi\u00f0 deildina. Samhli\u00f0a
starfi s\u00ednu lag\u00f0i Margr\u00e9t stund \u00e1 doktorsn\u00e1m vi\u00f0 Lagadeild
H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands.<\/p>\n

Ef \u00f3ska\u00f0 er eftir n\u00e1nari uppl\u00fdsingum um doktorsverkefni\u00f0 er unnt a\u00f0 hafa samband vi\u00f0 Margr\u00e9ti \u00ed gegnum netfangi\u00f0 margreteinars@ru.is<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Efnis\u00e1grip<\/strong>
\u00c1 grundvelli EES-samningsins f\u00e6r \u00cdsland, um 350.000 manna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0, a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 frj\u00e1lsu fl\u00e6\u00f0i v\u00f6ru,\u00fej\u00f3nustu og fj\u00e1rmagns \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fear sem b\u00faa yfir 500 millj\u00f3nir manna. Jafnframt tryggir samningurinn r\u00e9tt \u00cdslendinga til b\u00fasetu, atvinnu og n\u00e1ms hvar sem er innan sv\u00e6\u00f0isins. Er \u00fev\u00ed lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 EES-samningurinn er \u00e1kaflega mikilv\u00e6gur fyrir \u00cdsland \u00ed efnahagslegu og menningarlegu tilliti. Framkv\u00e6md samningsins er vi\u00f0amiki\u00f0 og fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 verkefni fyrir \u00edslenska stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu og l\u00f6ggjafarvald. Framkv\u00e6mdin felur \u00ed s\u00e9r tv\u00f6 skref; \u00cd fyrsta lagi \u00fearf a\u00f0 taka ESB-ger\u00f0ir, sem stofnanir ESB setja, upp \u00ed EES-samninginn. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi \u00fearf a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a ger\u00f0irnar \u00ed landsr\u00e9tt. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum hefur framkv\u00e6md EES-samningsins af h\u00e1lfu \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins ekki veri\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 skuldbindingar \u00feess \u00e1 grundvelli samningsins. Forsenda \u00feess a\u00f0 unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta framkv\u00e6mdina er a\u00f0 fyrir liggi \u00edtarleg greining \u00e1 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um vandans. Meginmarkmi\u00f0 doktorsranns\u00f3knarinnar var \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 greina hva\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6ttir \u00ed uppt\u00f6ku- og innlei\u00f0ingarferlinu valda t\u00f6fum og benda \u00e1 lei\u00f0ir til \u00farb\u00f3ta. Ranns\u00f3knin leiddi \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 hluta vandans megi rekja til breytinga sem ger\u00f0ar voru \u00e1 reglum um \u00feinglega me\u00f0fer\u00f0 EES-m\u00e1la \u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2010, \u00feegar teki\u00f0 var upp auki\u00f0 samr\u00e1\u00f0 vi\u00f0 utanr\u00edkism\u00e1lanefnd Al\u00feingis snemma \u00ed uppt\u00f6kuferlinu. \u00deetta samr\u00e1\u00f0 olli talsver\u00f0um t\u00f6fum, \u00e1n \u00feess \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 skila til\u00e6tlu\u00f0um \u00e1rangri. Uppt\u00f6kuferli\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi var bori\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 uppt\u00f6kuferli\u00f0 \u00ed Noregi og veitti s\u00e1 samanbur\u00f0ur innbl\u00e1stur um lei\u00f0ir til \u00farb\u00f3ta. Var \u00ed ranns\u00f3kninni lagt til a\u00f0 breyting yr\u00f0i ger\u00f0 \u00e1 reglum um \u00feinglega me\u00f0fer\u00f0 EES-m\u00e1la \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 veru a\u00f0 einungis yr\u00f0i haft samr\u00e1\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Al\u00feingi snemma \u00ed uppt\u00f6kuferlinu \u00ed undantekningartilvikum, \u00fe.e. \u00feegar verulegir hagsmunir \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins eru \u00ed h\u00fafi, ger\u00f0 felur \u00ed s\u00e9r verulegan kostna\u00f0 e\u00f0a m\u00e1li\u00f0 er s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt \u00fat fr\u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um. \u00deess \u00ed sta\u00f0 yr\u00f0i samr\u00e1\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Al\u00feingi \u00e1 me\u00f0an ESB l\u00f6ggj\u00f6fin er enn \u00ed m\u00f3tun \u00e1 vettvangi stofnana ESB auki\u00f0. \u00c1vinningurinn af sl\u00edkri breytingu er tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6ttur; annars vegar er meiri m\u00f6guleiki \u00e1 a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 efni l\u00f6ggjafarinnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed stigi og hins vegar veldur samr\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 ekki t\u00f6fum \u00ed uppt\u00f6kuferlinu.
Ranns\u00f3knin leiddi jafnframt \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnskipuleg vandam\u00e1l \u00fatsk\u00fdra hluta uppt\u00f6kuvandans. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum tveimur \u00e1ratugum hefur s\u00e9rstofnunum ESB fj\u00f6lga\u00f0 verulega. Sumar \u00feessara stofnana
hafa vald til a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem eru bindandi fyrir einstaklinga og l\u00f6ga\u00f0ila \u00ed a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum. \u00d3umdeilt er a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir fela \u00ed s\u00e9r framsal valds til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnana. Ekki er a\u00f0 finna \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00edslensku stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni sem heimilar sl\u00edkt framsal og \u00f3l\u00f6gfestar reglur um \u00feetta efni eru \u00f3lj\u00f3sar og ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti \u00f3umdeildar. Til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnskipuleg \u00e1litam\u00e1l standi ekki framkv\u00e6md EES-samningsins fyrir \u00ferifum er lagt til \u00ed ranns\u00f3kninni a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkt ver\u00f0i \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00edslensku stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1na sem heimilar framsal valds sem lei\u00f0ir af skuldbindingum \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins \u00e1 grundvelli EES-samningsins. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar innlei\u00f0ingarferli\u00f0 var leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 hvort ranns\u00f3knir evr\u00f3pskra fr\u00e6\u00f0imanna \u00e1 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um innlei\u00f0ingarvandam\u00e1la hj\u00e1 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjum ESB g\u00e6tu gagnast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra innlei\u00f0ingarvandann h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. A\u00f0 hluta til er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a s\u00f6mu \u00fe\u00e6tti sem valda erfi\u00f0leikum h\u00e9r og \u00ed a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjum ESB, s.s. \u00f3fulln\u00e6gjandi mannafli og fj\u00e1rmunir \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslunni, \u00f3sk\u00fdr og \u00f3lj\u00f3s l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f og sterkir hagsmunah\u00f3par. Auk \u00feessa, er \u00ed ranns\u00f3kninni s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fdmsir \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem lei\u00f0a af e\u00f0li EESsamningsins
og s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00cdslandi sk\u00fdra einnig hinar miklu tafir vi\u00f0 innlei\u00f0ingu afleiddrar l\u00f6ggjafar \u00ed \u00edslenskan r\u00e9tt. H\u00e9r m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a b\u00e6\u00f0i regluger\u00f0ir og tilskipanir
\u00ed landsr\u00e9tt sinn en a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki ESB og Liechtenstein \u00feurfa einungis a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a tilskipanir. \u00de\u00e1 hafa EFTAr\u00edkin, s\u00f6kum \u00feess hversu h\u00e6gt uppt\u00f6kuferli\u00f0 hefur gengi\u00f0 \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum, almennt einungis einn dag til a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a EES-ger\u00f0ir \u00ed landsr\u00e9tt sinn, eftir a\u00f0 l\u00f6ggj\u00f6fin hefur veri\u00f0 tekin upp \u00ed EES-samninginn.
\u00deetta \u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 ekki vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 sama h\u00e6tti \u00feegar afleidd l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f er tekin upp \u00ed EES-samninginn me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnskipulegum fyrirvara. Enn fremur veldur langdregi\u00f0 lagasetningarferli \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, vi\u00f0 me\u00f0f\u00f6r
innlei\u00f0ingarfrumvarpa, verulegum t\u00f6fum.
Til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta megi innlei\u00f0ingarferli\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00ed Stj\u00f3rnarr\u00e1\u00f0inu, hafi svigr\u00fam
til a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f \u00e1 me\u00f0an h\u00fan er \u00ed m\u00f3tun innan stofnana ESB. Sl\u00edk v\u00f6ktun myndi au\u00f0velda s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum innlei\u00f0inguna \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari stigum, \u00fear sem innlei\u00f0ingarvinnan ver\u00f0ur au\u00f0veldari vi\u00f0fangs ef s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar skilja l\u00f6ggj\u00f6fina, uppruna hennar og tilgang. \u00de\u00e1 er sl\u00edk v\u00f6ktun forsenda \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00edslensk
stj\u00f3rns\u00fdsla geti teki\u00f0 upp auki\u00f0 samr\u00e1\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Al\u00feingi \u00e1 me\u00f0an l\u00f6ggj\u00f6fin er enn til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar hj\u00e1 stofnunum ESB. Ranns\u00f3knin lei\u00f0ir einnig \u00ed lj\u00f3s mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 undirb\u00faningur innlei\u00f0ingarfrumvarpa og innlei\u00f0ingar me\u00f0 regluger\u00f0um hefjist eins flj\u00f3tt og unnt er \u00ed uppt\u00f6kuferlinu, en ekki s\u00e9 be\u00f0i\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00fai\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 taka l\u00f6ggj\u00f6fina upp \u00ed EES-samninginn.
Erfi\u00f0ara kann a\u00f0 reynast a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a b\u00f3t \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fe\u00e1ttum sem valda t\u00f6fum. Ekki er t.d. unnt a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edskar \u00e1herslur r\u00edkjanda stj\u00f3rnvalda, einstakra \u00feingmanna og hagsmunah\u00f3pa \u00e1 efni l\u00f6ggjafar hafi \u00e1hrif. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed sambandi er \u00fe\u00f3 br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 al\u00feingismenn og r\u00e1\u00f0herrar s\u00e9u vel uppl\u00fdstir um \u00fe\u00e6r skuldbindingar sem hv\u00edla \u00e1 \u00edslenska r\u00edkinu \u00e1 grundvelli EES-samningsins og \u00feeir axli \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda g\u00f3\u00f0ri framkv\u00e6md samningsins.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"featured_media":1020,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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